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| Kawa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Die blare van Piper methysticum. | |
Wetenskaplike klassifikasie 
| |
| Domein: | Eukaryota |
| Koninkryk: | Plantae |
| Klade: | Tracheofiete |
| Klade: | Angiospermae |
| Klade: | Magnoliids |
| Orde: | Piperales |
| Familie: | Piperaceae |
| Genus: | Piper |
| Spesie: | P. methysticum
|
| Binomiale naam | |
| Piper methysticum | |
Kawa (Piper methysticum; Latyn vir "peper" en Grieks vir "bedwelmende") is 'n plant van die Pasifiese Eilande.[1] Die naam kawa kom van Tongaans en Marquesaans en beteken "bitter";[1] ander name sluit in ʻawa (Hawais),[2] ʻava (Samoaans),[3] yaqona of yagona (Fidjiaans),[4] ensovoorts. Kawa word gebruik vir sy kalmerende uitwerking in kulture dwarsdeur die Stille Oseaan.
Die wortel van die plant word gebruik om 'n drankie te maak met kalmerende, verdowende en euforiese eienskappe. Die aktiewe bestanddele word kawaloktone genoem.[5]
Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie meen die matige gebruik van kawa in sy tradisionele vorm, dus as 'n watergebaseerde suspensie van kawawortels, hou 'n "aanvaarbaar lae vlak van gesondheidsrisiko" in.[6] Kawa-ekstrakte gemaak met organiese oplosmiddels en kawa van swak gehalte hou 'n groter risiko in, insluitende van lewerskade.[6][7]
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Kava". Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary. 2018.
- ↑ "Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi". wehewehe.org. Besoek op 22 Desember 2017.
- ↑ Fitisemanu, Jacob (2007) Samoan social drinking: perpetuation and adaptation of ʻAva ceremonies in Salt Lake County, Utah B. A. Thesis, Westminster College p. 2.
- ↑ "Embassy of the Republic of Fiji". www.fijiembassy.be. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 Junie 2018. Besoek op 22 Desember 2017.
- ↑ Wang, J; Qu, W; Bittenbender, H. C; Li, Q. X (2013). "Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents". Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52 (2): 1164–1169. doi:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2. PMC 4325077. PMID 25694734.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 "Kava: a review of the safety of traditional and recreational beverage consumption" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, Rome, Italy. 2016.
- ↑ Kuchta, Kenny; Schmidt, Mathias; Nahrstedt, Adolf (1 Desember 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics". Planta Medica. 81 (18): 1647–1653. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1558295. ISSN 1439-0221. PMID 26695707.