Dewa (Hindu)

Dewa (Déwanagari: देव; ,IAST: Deva, देव) inggih punika kruna saking basa Sanskerta sané maartos "cahaya", "mulia", "makhluk surgawi", "makhluk mulia", "hal yang cemerlang", ^[1] lan prasida nujuang kelas makhluk supranatural ring agama Hindu . Dewa inggih punika istilah sane maskulin; sane pateh ring istilah punika inggih punika Dewi . Kruna punika pateh sareng istilah Latin " Deus " miwah Yunani " Zeus ".

Ring sastra Weda kuno, samian makhluk supranatural prasida kasengguh “dewa” ^[2] lan asura . ^[3] Konsep puniki pamuputnyané nglimbak ring sastra India Kuno, miwah ring panguntat masa Veda, makhluk supranatural sané becik kasengguh Devas-asuras . Ring sastra Hindu pasca-Veda, sakadi Purana lan Itihasa, para dewa punika wantah makhluk sane becik, nanging asura punika makhluk sane kaon. Ring makudang-kudang karya sastra India abad pertengahan, para dewa taler kasengguh pinaka sura, miwah mabinayan sareng sameton tirinyané sané pateh kuatnyané, sané kasengguh pinaka asura.

Para dewa, taler para asura, yaksa (roh alam), miwah Raksasa (monster, setan), wantah pahan saking mitologi India. Para dewa punika medal ring makudang-kudang carita kosmologis ring agama Hindu . ^{[4] [5]}

Ring tradisi Hindu umum sakadi Adwaita Vedanta lan Agama Hindu Dharma, Dewa-dewa kacingak pinaka manifestasi Brahman lan nenten kayun kasungsung pinaka Dewa sane mabinayan lan dewa-dewa punika pateh pangkatnyane sareng dewa-dewa sane lianan. Nanging, ring filsafat Hindu Dwaita, dewa-dewa tertentu madue sekte-sekte tertentu sane ngaturang sembah ring ipun pinaka Dewa sane pinih luhur. Ring kahanan puniki, makudang-kudang sekte madue kapercayaan monoteis ring Dewa-dewa tertentu (cingak: Vaishnava ).

1. ↑ ^{1,0 1,1} Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2007). "Part I. Hinduism: Sources and Worldview – The Many Gods and the One God of Hinduism". A Survey of Hinduism. India and South Asian Studies (édisi ka-3rd). Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 9780791470824. LCCN 2006021542. The Hindu deva is not God—at the most deva could be loosely translated as a “divine being.” Etymologically it means "god", “shiny,” “exalted”; and thus we find that the term deva covers everything that has to do with the supernatural: all figures, forms, processes and emotions, melodies, books, and verse meters—whatever needs the explanation of a transcendent origin or status—are called devas or devatā. The functions of different parts of the body, symbols, and syllabes are explained as deva. In Vedic religion we find the term used in a relatively restricted way; but even there we are not entitled to equate it with god, but rather with supernatural powers in general.
2. ↑ George Williams (2008), A Handbook of Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195332612, pages 90, 112
3. ↑ Wash Edward Hale (1999), Ásura in Early Vedic Religion, Motilal Barnarsidass, ISBN 978-8120800618, pages 5-11, 22, 99-102
4. ↑ Don Handelman (2013), One God, Two Goddesses, Three Studies of South Indian Cosmology, Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004256156, pages 23-29
5. ↑ Wendy Doniger (1988), Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism, Manchester University Press, ISBN 978-0719018664, page 67