Mikroplastik

Suratan puniki Wikipédia:Ubuh, suksmanipun nénten wénten suratan liyanan sané madué pranala balik ring suratan puniki. Ngiring dagingin pranala ka suratan puniki saking suratan sané gelah hubungan utawi coba piranti pangrereh pranala.

Mikroplastik punika wantah plastik kebagi dados alit-alit sané ngeranayang polusi palemahan nyané.^[1] Mikroplastik nénten macem-macem plastik, sakewanten sejebag jenis fragment plastik sané alit nyané kirang 5 mm kedasaring antuk Administrasi Nasional Segara miwah Atmosfir (NOAA) Amérika Serikat.^[2][3] Punika ngeranjing palemahan saking mekudang-mekudang sumber, rumasuk kosmétik, penganggé, miwah proses industri.

Mikroplastik kakepah antuk kalih jenis. Mikroplastik primer punika fragmen utawi partikel plastik sané ageng nyané sampun utawi kirang 5.0 mm sadurung ngeranjing ka palemahan. Puniki rumasuk mikrofiber saking pengangge, mikrobead, miwah biji plastik (kauningin antuk nurdles).^[4][5][6] Kalih mikroplastik kekaryaning saking degradasi plastik ageng sané ngeranjing palemahan keni proses cuaca alami. Sumber sané dados mikroplastik sekunder rumasuk botol toya miwah kabonasi, jala be, miwah kantong plastik.^[6][7] Kalih jenis puniki keakuin kuat ring palemahan sané pinih duur, kautama ring perairan miwah ekosistem segara.

Dados tambahan, plastik lambat kaurai, biasa nyané luwih siu menawi indik nyané nénten siu warsa. Puniki pacang ningkatang mikroplastik kaajeng miwah ngeranjing , taler keakumulasi, ring peragan miwah jaringan akéh organisme.^[8][9] Sajebang siklus miwah pemargi mikroplastik ring palemahan durung kauningin, sakewanten tetilikan sané mangkin kelaksananyang antuk nguningin pikobet puniki.

1. ↑ Blair Crawford, Christopher; Quinn, Brian (2016). Microplastic Pollutants (édisi ka-1st). Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780128094068.Mal:Page needed
2. ↑ Arthur, Courtney; Baker, Joel; Bamford, Holly (January 2009). "Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris" (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-04-28. Kaaksés 2020-02-27.
3. ↑ Collignon, Amandine; Hecq, Jean-Henri; Galgani, François; Collard, France; Goffart, Anne (2014). "Annual variation in neustonic micro- and meso-plastic particles and zooplankton in the Bay of Calvi (Mediterranean–Corsica)" (PDF). Marine Pollution Bulletin. 79 (1–2): 293–298. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.023. PMID 24360334.
4. ↑ Cole, Matthew; Lindeque, Pennie; Fileman, Elaine; Halsband, Claudia; Goodhead, Rhys; Moger, Julian; Galloway, Tamara S. (2013-06-06). "Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton". Environmental Science & Technology. 47 (12): 6646–6655. doi:10.1021/es400663f. hdl:10871/19651. PMID 23692270.
5. ↑ "Where Does Marine Litter Come From?". Marine Litter Facts. British Plastics Federation. Kaaksés 2018-09-25.
6. ↑ ^{6,0 6,1} Boucher, Julien; Friot, Damien (2017). Primary Microplastics in the Oceans: a Global Evaluation of Sources (PDF). IUCN. p. 8. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en. ISBN 978-2-8317-1827-9. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2019-01-16. Kaaksés 2020-02-27.
7. ↑ Conkle, Jeremy L.; Báez Del Valle, Christian D.; Turner, Jeffrey W. (2018). "Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments?". Environmental Management. 61 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0947-8. PMID 29043380.
8. ↑ Grossman, Elizabeth (2015-01-15). "How Plastics from Your Clothes Can End up in Your Fish". Time.
9. ↑ "How Long Does it Take Trash to Decompose". 4Ocean. 20 January 2017. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 25 September 2018. Kaaksés 25 Séptémber 2018. Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)