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Arapi

Arapi
العرب Al-ʿArab
Ukupna populacija
400–420 miliona
Arapska liga 350 miliona
Dijaspora 50 miliona
Značajno stanovništvo u
Arapska liga350.000.000[1][2]
Brazil11.600.000-12.000.000[3][4][5]
Francuska5.500.000–7.000.000[6][7]
Turska5.000.000[8][a]
SAD3.700.000[10]
Argentina3.500.000[11]
Kolumbija3.200.000[12][13][14][15][16]
Izrael2.080.000[17]
Čad1.800.000[18]
Iran1.600.000-4.000.000[19]–4,000,000[20]
Venecuela1.600.000[21]
Njemačka1.401.950[22]
Španija1.350.000[23][24]
Meksiko1.100.000[25]
Čile800.000[26][27][28]
Kanada750.925[29]
Italija705.968[30]
Švedska543.350[31]
Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo500.000[32]
Australija500.000[33]
Jezik
Arapski
Vjera
muslimani
mali broj kršćana

Arapi (arapski: عرب ʻarab) su etnička grupa[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] i semitski narod koji je većim dijelom nastanjen na Bliskom istoku i u Sjevernoj Africi. Značajna arapska dijaspora prisutna je u raznim dijelovima svijeta.[50] Podaci o broju Arapa su različiti jer postoje tri klasifikacije pripadnosti arapskom narodu: prema politici, jeziku i porijeklu. U zavisnosti koja se od ove tri klasifikacije koriste, zavisi i ukupan broj Arapa. Najčešća je klasifikacija prema maternjem jeziku, prvom jeziku kojim se služe i prema toj klasifikaciji Arapa je oko 300 miliona. Arapi govore arapskim jezikom i koriste se arapskim pismom.

Arapi su živjeli u posručjima Plodnom polumjesecu.[51] U 9. vijeku p. n. e, Asirci su pisanim putem spominjali Arape kao stanovnike Levanta, Mezopotamije i Arabije.[52] Širom drevnog Bliskog istoka, Arapi su uspostavili uticajne civilizacije počevši od 3000. godine p. n. e, kao što su Dilmun, Gerrha i Magan, igrajući vitalnu ulogu u trgovini između Mezopotamije i Mediterana.[53] Ostala istaknuta plemena uključuju Midjan, ʿĀd i Samud koji se spominju u Bibliji i Kur'anu. Kasnije, 900. godine p. n. e, Kedarci su imali bliske odnose sa obližnjim Kanaanskim i Aramejskim državama, a njihova teritorija se prostirala od Donjeg Egipta do Južnog Levanta.[54] Od 1200. p. n. e, do 110. p. n. e, u Arabiji su se pojavila moćna kraljevstva kao što su Saba, Lihjan, Minean, Kataban, Hadhramaut, Avsan i Homerite.[55] Prema abrahamskoj tradiciji, Arapi su potomci Abrahama preko njegovog sina Ismaila.[56]

Tokom klasične antike, Nabatejci su uspostavili svoje kraljevstvo sa Petrom kao glavnim gradom 300. godine p. n. e,[57] do 271, Palmirsko Carstvo s glavnim gradom Palmirom, predvođeno kraljicom Zenobijom, obuhvatalo je Sirijsku Palestinu, Arabijsku Petraju i Egipat, kao kao i velike dijelove Anadolije.[58] Arapski Itureanci su naseljavali Liban, Siriju i sjevernu Palestinu (Galileju) tokom helenističkog i rimskog perioda.[59] Osroene i Hatran su bile arapska kraljevstva u Gornjoj Mesopotamiji oko 200. godine.[60] Sasanijci su 164. priznali Arape kao "Arbajistan", što znači "zemlja Arapa",[61] pošto su bili dio Adiabene u gornjoj Mezopotamiji.[62] Arapski Emeseni vladali su 46. p. n. e. Emesom (Homs), Sirija.[63] Tokom kasne antike, Tanuhidi, Salihidi, Lakhmidi, Kinda i Ghassanidi bili su dominantna arapska plemena na Levantu, Mezopotamiji i Arabiji, oni su pretežno prihvatili kršćanstvo.[64]

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  5. ^ Paul Amar (15. 7. 2014). The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South. Indiana University Press. str. 40. ISBN 978-0-253-01496-2. there are, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, more than sixteen million Arabs and descendants of Arabs in Brazil, constituting the largest community of Arabs descent outside the Middle East.
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