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Trawsrywedd

Baner balcher trawsryweddol
Symbol trawsryweddol
Symbol trawsryweddol
Trawsrywedd
Hunaniaethau
Androgynedd · Anneuaidd · Dau-Enaid · Dyn traws · Kathoey · Menyw draws · Trydydd rhywedd
Pynciau
Cwestiynu · Trawsrywioldeb
Agweddau clinigol a meddygol
Dysfforia rhywedd · Llawdriniaeth ailbennu rhyw · Therapi hormonau trawsryweddol
Agweddau cyfreithiol a chymdeithasol
Cydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol · Symbolau · Trawsffobia · Deddf Cydnabod Rhywedd 2004
Rhestrau
Pobl
Categori
Y blwch hwn: gweld • sgwrs • golygu
Am ddefnyddiau eraill gweler deurywiaeth.

Person trawsryweddol (byrheir yn aml i berson traws) yw rhywun nad yw ei hunaniaeth rhywedd yn cyfateb i'r rhyw a bennwyd adeg ei eni.[1][2] Mae llawer o bobl drawsryweddol yn profi dysfforia rhywedd, y ceisiant ei leddfu trwy drawsnewid,[3] yn aml mabwysiadu enw gwahanol a set o ragenwau gwahanol yn y broses. Gallant dderbyn therapïau ailbennu rhyw megis therapi hormonau a gwahanol lawdriniaethau cadarnhau rhywedd i gysoni eu nodweddion rhywiol cynradd ac eilaidd â'u hunaniaeth rhywedd. Nid yw pob person trawsryweddol eisiau'r triniaethau hyn ac efallai bob eraill yn methu eu cael am resymau ariannol neu feddygol.[3][4] Gall y rhai sydd eisiau trawsnewid yn feddygol i ryw gwahanol uniaethu'n drawsrywiol.[5][6]

Term mantell yw trawsrywedd. Yn ogystal â dynion traws a menywod traws, gall hefyd gynnwys pobl sy'n anneuaidd o ran rhywedd.[7][8] Mae diffiniadau eraill o drawsrywedd hefyd yn cynnwys pobl sy'n perthyn i drydydd rhywedd, neu mae rhai'n gweld pobl drawsryweddol fel trydydd rhywedd,[9][10] a gellir diffinio'r term yn eang iawn i gynnwys croes-wisgwyr.[11] Mae rhai pobl dau-enaid hefyd yn uniaethu'n drawsryweddol.[12]

Mae hunaniaeth rhywedd ar wahân i gyfeiriadedd rhywiol,[13] a gall pobl drawsryweddol fod yn rhan o unrhyw gyfeiriadedd rhywiol. Cyferbyn i drawsrywedd yw cydrywedd, sy'n disgrifio pobl y mae eu hunaniaeth rhywedd yn cyfateb i'r rhyw a bennwyd.[14][15]

Amrywia ystadegau ar y nifer o bobl drawsryweddol yn eang,[16] yn rhannol oherwydd amrywiaeth diffiniadau o drawsrywedd.[17] Mae rhai gwledydd, megis Canada, yn casglu data cyfrifiad ar bobl drawsryweddol.[18] Yn gyffredinol, darganfyddir hunaniaeth drawsryweddol mewn llai nag 1% o boblogaeth y byd, â ffigurau yn amrywio o <0.1% i 0.6%.[19][20][21][22] Mae Cyfrifiad Cymru a Lloegr yn cynnwys cwestiwn am hunaniaeth rhywedd ers 2021[23][24], dywedodd 0.5% o'r boblogaeth nad yw'r rhywedd y maent yn uniaethu ag ef yn yr un peth a'r rhyw gofrestrwyd pan gawsant eu geni.

Mae llawer o bobl drawsryweddol yn wynebu gwahaniaethu yn y gweithle,[25] wrth ddefnyddio gwasanaethau[26] ac mewn gofal iechyd.[27] Yn llawer o leoedd, nis amddiffynnir rhag gwahaniaethu yn gyfreithiol.[28]

Ffrindiau sy'n drawsryweddol yn Washington, D.C.[29][30]
  1. ↑ Altilio, Terry; Otis-Green, Shirley (2011). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Social Work (yn Saesneg). Oxford University Press. t. 380. ISBN 978-0199838271. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar December 1, 2016. Cyrchwyd April 12, 2016. 'Transgender' is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation [GLAAD], 2007).
  2. ↑ Berg-Weger, Marla (2016). Social Work and Social Welfare: An Invitation (yn Saesneg). Routledge. t. 229. ISBN 978-1317592020. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar December 1, 2016. Cyrchwyd April 12, 2016. Transgender: An umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from expectations associated with the sex assigned to them at birth.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Maizes, Victoria; Low Dog, Tieraona (19 November 2015). Integrative Women's Health. Oxford University Press. t. 745. ISBN 978-0190214807. Many transgender people experience gender dysphoria – distress that results from the discordance of biological sex and experienced gender. Treatment for gender dysphoria, considered to be highly effective, includes physical, medical, and/or surgical treatments [...] some [transgender people] may not choose to transition at all.
  4. ↑ "Understanding Transgender People FAQ". National Center for Transgender Equality. 1 May 2009. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 22 April 2016. Cyrchwyd 20 April 2016.
  5. ↑ Bevan, Dana J. (17 November 2014). The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio/Greenwood Publishing. t. 42. ISBN 9781440831270. OCLC 1021404840. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 15 May 2022. Cyrchwyd 14 May 2022. The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince.
  6. ↑ Polly, Ryan; Nicole, Julie (March 2011). "Understanding transsexual patients: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice". Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal 33 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4. PMID 21317698. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317698/. Adalwyd 2022-05-14. "The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. Some transsexuals reject the term "transgender" and view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history."
  7. ↑ Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (2014). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance (yn Saesneg). Sage Publications. t. 740. ISBN 978-1483364698. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar December 1, 2016. Cyrchwyd April 12, 2016. Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identities, gender expressions, and/or behaviors are different from those culturally associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.
  8. ↑ Bilodeau, Brent (2005). "Beyond the Gender Binary: A Case Study of Two Transgender Students at a Midwestern Research University". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education 3 (1): 29–44. doi:10.1300/J367v03n01_05. "Yet Jordan and Nick represent a segment of transgender communities that have largely been overlooked in transgender and student development research – individuals who express a non-binary construction of gender[.]"
  9. ↑ Stryker, Susan; Whittle, Stephen, gol. (2006). The Transgender Studies Reader. Routledge. t. 666. ISBN 1-135-39884-4. The authors note that, increasingly, in social science literature, the term 'third gender' is being replaced by or conflated with the newer term 'transgender.'
  10. ↑ Chrisler, Joan C.; McCreary, Donald R. (2010). Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology, Volume 1. t. 486. ISBN 978-1-4419-1465-1. Transgender is a broad term characterized by a challenge of traditional gender roles and gender identity [...] For example, some cultures classify transgender individuals as a third gender, thereby treating this phenomenon as normative.
  11. ↑ Reisner, Sari L; Conron, Kerith; Scout, Nfn; Mimiaga, Matthew J; Haneuse, Sebastien; Austin, S Bryn (2014). "Comparing In-Person and Online Survey Respondents in the U.S. National Transgender Discrimination Survey: Implications for Transgender Health Research". LGBT Health 1 (2): 98–106. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2013.0018. PMID 26789619. "Transgender was defined broadly to cover those who transition from one gender to another as well as those who may not choose to socially, medically, or legally fully transition, including cross-dressers, people who consider themselves to be genderqueer, androgynous, and…"
  12. ↑ "Two-Spirit | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Cyrchwyd 2023-03-26.
  13. ↑ "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health: Transgender Persons". CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. September 29, 2020. Cyrchwyd 21 November 2020.
  14. ↑ "Definition of CISGENDER". www.merriam-webster.com (yn Saesneg). Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2019-03-26. Cyrchwyd 2019-03-26.
  15. ↑ Blank, Paula (2014-09-24). "Will the Word "Cisgender" Ever Go Mainstream?". The Atlantic (yn Saesneg). Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2018-05-13. Cyrchwyd 2021-08-14.
  16. ↑ Factsheet: Trans People in the UK (Adroddiad). gov.uk. 3 July 2018. ISBN 9781786556738. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/721642/GEO-LGBT-factsheet.pdf. Adalwyd 29 May 2022.
  17. ↑ "Transgender". Encyclopædia Britannica (yn Saesneg). Cyrchwyd 2022-06-14.
  18. ↑ Easton, Rob (27 April 2022). "'Historic' census data sheds light on number of trans and non-binary people for the first time". CBC.ca. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 27 April 2022. Cyrchwyd 29 May 2022.
  19. ↑ M.H. (Sep 1, 2017). "Why transgender people are being sterilised in some European countries". The Economist. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2018-03-22. Cyrchwyd 2022-05-22.
  20. ↑ "What Percentage of the Population is Transgender 2022". World Population Review. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2022-05-22. Cyrchwyd 2022-05-22.
  21. ↑ "Counting Trans Populations". Division of Prevention Science. University of California, San Francisco. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 2022-05-13. Cyrchwyd 2022-05-22.
  22. ↑ Ghorayshi, Azeen (2022-06-10). "Report Reveals Sharp Rise in Transgender Young People in the U.S." The New York Times (yn Saesneg). ISSN 0362-4331. Cyrchwyd 2023-03-26.
  23. ↑ Booth, Robert; Goodier, Michael (2023-01-06). "England and Wales census counts trans and non-binary people for first time". The Guardian (yn Saesneg). ISSN 0261-3077. Cyrchwyd 2023-04-21.
  24. ↑ "Hunaniaeth o ran rhywedd, Cymru a Lloegr - Office for National Statistics". cy.ons.gov.uk. Cyrchwyd 2023-04-21.
  25. ↑ Lombardi, Emilia L.; Anne Wilchins, Riki; Priesing, Dana; Malouf, Diana (October 2008). "Gender Violence: Transgender Experiences with Violence and Discrimination". Journal of Homosexuality 42 (1): 89–101. doi:10.1300/J082v42n01_05. PMID 11991568.
  26. ↑ Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. "Groundbreaking Report Reflects Persistent Discrimination Against Transgender Community" Archifwyd 2011-08-03 yn y Peiriant Wayback, GLAAD, February 4, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
  27. ↑ Bradford, Judith; Reisner, Sari L.; Honnold, Julie A.; Xavier, Jessica (2013). "Experiences of Transgender-Related Discrimination and Implications for Health: Results From the Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study". American Journal of Public Health 103 (10): 1820–1829. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300796. PMC 3780721. PMID 23153142. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3780721.
  28. ↑ Whittle, Stephen (2002). Respect and equality : transsexual and transgender rights. London Portland, OR: Cavendish Pub. ISBN 978-1-85941-743-0. OCLC 810082841.
  29. ↑ DiGuglielmo, Joey (11 May 2016). "Querry: Bianca Rey". Washington Blade. Cyrchwyd 28 November 2020.
  30. ↑ Griggs, Brandon (1 June 2015). "America's transgender moment". CNN. Cyrchwyd 28 November 2020. Hayden Mora, deputy chief of staff at the Human Rights Campaign and a transgender man....
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