Evelyn Boyd Granville

Evelyn Boyd Granville (* 1. Mai 1924 in Washington, D.C.; † 27. Juni 2023 in Silver Spring, Maryland)^[1] war eine US-amerikanische Mathematikerin und Informatikerin. Sie war die zweite afroamerikanische Frau, die von einer US-amerikanischen Universität einen Doktorgrad in Mathematik erhielt.^[2] Diesen erwarb sie im Jahre 1949 von der Yale University. Zuvor hatte sie das Smith College besucht.^[3][4][5] Sie leistete Pionierarbeit auf dem Gebiet der Datenverarbeitung.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]}

1. ↑ Erik Gregersen: Evelyn Granville. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. Abgerufen am 8. August 2023 (englisch). 
2. ↑ 10 Famous Women in Tech History. In: Dice Insights. 14. März 2016, abgerufen am 2. August 2019. 
3. ↑ John J. O’Connor, Edmund F. Robertson: Evelyn Boyd Granville. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (englisch).
4. ↑ Scott W. Williams: Black Women in Mathematics: Evelyn Boyd Granville. In: Mathematics Department, State University of New York at Buffalo. Abgerufen am 2. August 2019. 
5. ↑ Neil Schlager, Josh Lauer: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Hrsg.: Gale Group. Band 6: 1900–1949, 2001, ISBN 0-7876-3938-9, Evelyn Boyd Granville (highbeam.com (Memento vom 18. Oktober 2016 im Internet Archive) – Textanfang). 
6. ↑ Robert A. Nowlan: Masters of Mathematics: The Problems They Solved, Why These Are Important, and What You Should Know about Them. Hrsg.: Springer. 2017, ISBN 978-94-6300-893-8, S. 453 ([1]): „Granville [contributed] her expertise in the field of computer science during its pioneer years.“ 
7. ↑ Marshall Cavendish (Hrsg.): Inventors and Inventions, Volume 2. 2008, ISBN 978-0-7614-7764-8, S. 343 (books.google.de): „During the 1960s, perhaps the greatest achievement in computing was guiding Apollo space rockets to the moon. Some of the important Apollo programs were written by Elizabeth Boyd Granville (1924-).“ 
8. ↑ Smith E-News 2006. In: Smith College. 2006, abgerufen am 2. August 2019: „[Granville has] long been a pioneer in applied mathematics and computer technology, having joined the staff of IBM in 1956 to work on projects for NASA.“ 
9. ↑ James H. Kessler: Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century. Hrsg.: Greenwood Publishing Group. 1996, ISBN 0-89774-955-3, S. 130 (books.google.de): „[At] the Space Technology Laboratories in Los Angeles, [Granville] continued her pioneering work on orbit computations for manned space vehicles.“ 
10. ↑ Annabel Beckenham: A Woman’s Place in Cyberspace: critical analysis of discourse, purpose and practice with regard to women and new communication technologies. (Thesis). Hrsg.: University of Canberra. Januar 2001 (canberra.edu.au [PDF]): „[The Ada Project,] originally developed at Yale University, is designed to serve as a clearing house for information and resources related to women and computing. Given its aim and its authority, it is telling that the site lists precisely twelve women as 'pioneering women of computing'. They are, in order of appearance; Ada Byron King, Countess of Lovelace (1815–1852), Edith Clarke (1883–1959), Rosa Peter (1905–1977), Grace Murray Hopper (1906–1992), Alexandra Illmer Forsythe (1918–1980), Evelyn Boyd Granville, Margaret R. Fox, Erna Schneider Hoover, Kay McNulty Mauchly Antonelli, Alice Burks, Adele Goldstine, and Joan Margaret Winters.“ 
11. ↑ Newsletter of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Michigan Summer 2001. (PDF) In: University of Michigan. 2001, abgerufen am 2. August 2019: „At IBM, Dr. Granville played an exciting and fundamental role in the dawn of the computer age, especially as it was being applied to celestial mechanics. For example, she was part of the team of scientists responsible for writing the computer programs that tracked the paths of vehicles in space on NASA’s Project Vanguard and Project Mercury.“ 
12. ↑ Sibrina Collins: African-American Women & the Space Race. 13. Juni 2016, abgerufen am 2. August 2019: „Another groundbreaker is Dr. Evelyn Boyd Granville, a mathematician who worked on orbit computations and computer procedures for three space-related projects — Project Vanguard (originally managed by the Naval Research Laboratory and later transferred to NASA); Project Mercury (the nation’s first effort to put a man in space); and the program that eventually put a man on the moon, Project Apollo.“ 
13. ↑ Mirjana Ivanović, Zoran Putnik, Anja Šišarica, Zoran Budimac: A Note on Performance and Satisfaction of Female Students Studying Computer Science. In: Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Information and Computer Sciences. Band 9, Nr. 1, 2010, S. 32–41, doi:10.11120/ital.2010.09010032: „Another important figure of that time was Evelyn Granville, a pioneer in information technology who began her career in academia, went on to programming challenges at IBM and ultimately worked on the NASA space programme before returning to teach others.“