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| Elections in Tennessee |
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The 1936 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 3, 1936, as part of the 1936 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11[2] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
For over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee was divided according to political loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne[3] voted Republican – generally by landslide margins – as they saw the Democratic Party as the "war party" who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.[4] Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state's secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.[5] After the disfranchisement of the state's African-American population by a poll tax was largely complete in the 1890s,[6] the Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united,[7] although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support.
In 1920 by moving into a small number of traditionally Democratic areas in Middle Tennessee[8] and expanding turnout due to the Nineteenth Amendment and powerful isolationist sentiment,[9] the Republican Party captured Tennessee's presidential electoral votes and won the governorship and three congressional seats in addition to the rock-ribbed GOP First and Second Districts. In 1922 and 1924, with the ebbing of isolationist sympathy and a consequent decline in turnout,[10] the Democratic Party regained Tennessee's governorship and presidential electoral votes; however, in 1928 anti-Catholicism against Democratic nominee Al Smith in this powerfully fundamentalist state[11] meant that Herbert Hoover bettered Harding’s performance without however gaining the down-ballot coattails of 1920.
These Republican gains would be completely reversed in the 1930s due to the impact of the Great Depression, which was generally blamed upon the Republican Party’s policies during the 1920s. Internal divisions prevented the Republicans taking advantage of a disputed Democratic gubernatorial primary in 1932 between Lewis Pope and Hill McAlister,[12] and for the next third of a century the Republicans would rarely contest statewide offices seriously despite their continuing dominance of East Tennessee and half a dozen Unionist counties in the middle and west of the state.[13] Statewide politics for the decade and a half from the beginning of the Depression would be dominated by Edward Hull “Boss” Crump, whose Memphis political machine would consistently provide decisive votes in statewide Democratic primaries — aided by cross-party voting by Republicans in eastern mountain counties.[13] Crump would be supported during this era by long-serving Senator Kenneth Douglas McKellar. Polls always had incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Vice President John Nance Garner easily carrying the state against Republican nominees Governor Alf Landon of Kansas and Frank Knox. A mid-October Literary Digest poll had Roosevelt winning the state by a two-to-one margin.[14] In the end Roosevelt received over 68 percent of the vote to Landon’s 30.82 percent, surpassing the Digest forecast.[15][16]
- ^ "United States Presidential election of 1936 — Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ "1936 Election for the Thirty-eighth Term (1937-41)". Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ Wright, John K. (October 1932). "Voting Habits in the United States: A Note on Two Maps". Geographical Review. 22 (4): 666–672. Bibcode:1932GeoRv..22..666W. doi:10.2307/208821. JSTOR 208821.
- ^ Key (Jr.), Valdimer Orlando; Southern Politics in State and Nation (New York, 1949), pp. 282-283
- ^ Lyons, William; Scheb (II), John M.; Stair, Billy (2001). Government and Politics in Tennessee. Univ. of Tennessee Press. pp. 183–184. ISBN 1572331410.
- ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 208, 210 ISBN 9780691163246
- ^ Grantham, Dewey W. (Fall 1995). "Tennessee and Twentieth-Century American Politics'". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 54 (3): 210–229.
- ^ Reichard, Gary W. (February 1970). "The Aberration of 1920: An Analysis of Harding's Victory in Tennessee". The Journal of Southern History. 36 (1): 33–49. doi:10.2307/2206601. JSTOR 2206601.
- ^ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 211
- ^ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 287
- ^ Larson, Edward J. (October 3, 2006). Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate over Science and Religion. Basic Books. ISBN 9780465075102.
- ^ Majors, William R. (1986). Change and continuity: Tennessee politics since the Civil War. Mercer University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780865542099.
- ^ a b Majors, Change and continuity, p. 72
- ^ "Flash—The Literary Digest Radio Presidential Poll". Blaine County Booster. Dunning, Nebraska. October 15, 1936. p. 1.
- ^ "1936 Presidential General Election Results – Tennessee". Retrieved December 25, 2018.
- ^ "The American Presidency Project – Election of 1936". Retrieved December 25, 2018.