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1988 Hargeisa-Burao offensive

1988 Hargeisa Burao offensive
Part of the Somaliland War of Independence
Date27 May 1988 (1988-05-27) – 1 June 1988 (1988-06-01)
Location
Hargeisa and Burao, northern Somalia (now Somaliland)
Result

SNM victory

  • SNM captures Hargeisa (excluding Hargeisa Airport), Burao, Dhoqoshay, Adadley, Masaajidka, Debis, Werarta, Abdaal, Sheikh Omar, Adrosh, Samatar Ahmed and Hagal.[1]
  • Massive increase in manpower for the SNM[2]
  • Escalation of the Isaaq genocide
Belligerents
Somali National Movement Somalia Somali Democratic Republic
Commanders and leaders
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (Siilaanyo)
Ahmed Mire
Hussein Dheere
Ibrahim Dhegaweyne[3]		 Somalia Siad Barre
Somalia Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan
Strength
5,700[3]
84 armed vehicles		 100 armed vehicles and two aircraft
Casualties and losses
90 killed 300+ killed, two aircraft destroyed

The 1988 Hargeisa Burao offensive[4] (Somali: Gudo-galkii Hargeysa iyo Burco) was a major offensive conducted during the Somaliland War of Independence in May 1988 by the Somali National Movement on the cities of Hargeisa and Burao,[5][6][7][8][9] then the second and third largest cities of Somalia.[10][11] The SNM captured Burao on 27 May within two hours,[12] while the SNM entered Hargeisa on 29 May, overrunning most of the city apart from its airport by 1 June.[8] During the offensive the Somali National Army committed gross human rights violations, including attacking the civilian population using heavy artillery and tanks.[12]

  1. ^ Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
  2. ^ Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (2012). Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets. Cambridge University Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-521-14687-6.
  3. ^ a b Prunier, Gérard (2021). The country that does not exist a history of Somaliland. London: Hurst & Company. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-1-78738-529-0. OCLC 1242464786.
  4. ^ "Somaliland: Ten Years On". BBC World Service. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  5. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 – 2000". Refworld. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  6. ^ Mburu, Chris (2002). Past Human Rights Abuses in Somalia: Report of a Preliminary Study Conducted for the United Nations (OHCHR/UNDP-Somalia). p. 12.
  7. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Somalia: 1) Detailed map of Somalia and map showing Somalia in the African continent; 2) Information regarding reprisals against Isaaq clan members throughout Somalia, particularly Mogadishu, and against Somali National Movement (SNM) members; 3) Information on the government's attack on Hargeisa in May 1988 and an SNM assault on Mohammed Siyaad Barre Prison in July 1988". Refworld. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
  8. ^ a b Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
  9. ^ Waller, David (1993). Rwanda: which way now?. Oxford: Oxfam. pp. 10–12. ISBN 0-85598-217-9. OCLC 29513928.
  10. ^ Binet, Laurence (2013-10-03). Somalia 1991-1993: Civil War, Famine Alert and a UN "Military-Humanitarian" Intervention. Médecins Sans Frontières. p. 214.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference :21 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b Somalia: a government at war with its own people: testimonies about the killings and the conflict in the north. New York, NY: Africa Watch Committee. 1990. p. 128. ISBN 0-929692-33-0. OCLC 24108168.
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