1993 Bombay bombings

The 1993 Bombay bombings was a series of 12^[3][4][5] terrorist bombings that took place primarily in Hindu majority areas in Bombay (now Mumbai), Maharashtra, on 12 March 1993.^[6] The single-day attacks resulted in 257 fatalities and 1,400 injuries.^{[1][2][7][8][9]} The attacks were coordinated by Dawood Ibrahim,^[10] leader of the Mumbai-based international organised crime syndicate D-Company.^[11] Ibrahim was believed to have ordered and helped organize the bombings through his subordinate Tiger Memon.

For several years, there was confusion about whether there was 12 or 13 blasts. This was because Sharad Pawar, then-chief minister of Maharashtra, stated on television that there had been 13 blasts. He later revealed that he had lied on purpose and that there had been only 12 blasts, none of them in Muslim-dominated areas; he also confessed that he had attempted to mislead the public into believing that the blasts could have been the work of the LTTE, a Sri Lankan militant organization, when in fact intelligence reports had already confirmed Mumbai's underworld (D-Company) was the perpetrator of the serial blasts.^[12][13]

On 21 March 2013, the Supreme Court of India, after 20 years of judicial proceedings, upheld the death sentence against suspected ringleader Yakub while commuting the death sentences of 10 others to life in prison.^[14][15][16] Two main suspects in the case, Ibrahim and Tiger, have not been arrested or tried.^[17] After India's three-judge Supreme Court bench rejected his curative petition, saying the grounds he raised did not fall within the principles laid down by the court in 2002,^[18] Yakub was executed by the Maharashtra government on 30 July 2015.^[19]