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A-234 (nerve agent)

For other uses, see A234.
A-234 (according to Mirzayanov)
Chemical structure of A-234 according to Mirzayanov[1]
Chemical structure of A-234 according to Mirzayanov[1]
Names
IUPAC name
ethyl N-[(1E)-1-(diethylamino)ethylidene]-phosphoramidofluoridate
Other names
N-2-diethylaminomethylacetamido-ethoxyphosphonofluoridate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/C8H18FN2O2P/c1-5-11(6-2)8(4)10-14(9,12)13-7-3/h5-7H2,1-4H3/b10-8+
    Key: SBPSVLLDDYOPDZ-CSKARUKUSA-N
  • CCOP(F)(=O)\N=C(/C)\N(CC)CC
Properties
C8H18FN2O2P
Molar mass 224.216 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

A-234 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov.[2][3][4][5] In March 2018, the Russian ambassador to the UK, Alexander Yakovenko, claimed to have been informed by British authorities that A-234 had been identified as the agent used in the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal.[6] Vladimir Uglev, one of the inventors of the Novichok series of compounds, said he was "99 percent sure that it was A-234" in relation to the 2018 Amesbury poisonings, noting its unusually high persistence in the environment.[7][8]

According to a classified report by the United States Army National Ground Intelligence Center,[9] the agent designated as A-232 and its ethyl analog A-234, developed under the FOLIANT program, were "as toxic as VX, as resistant to treatment as soman, and more difficult to detect and easier to manufacture than VX".

No certain data on toxicity exist but it is estimated that the median lethal concentration of A-234 is 7 mg/m3. This means that half of 70 kg men under slight physical activity – breathing 15 litres of air per minute – would die within two minutes of exposure. This equates to median lethal dose of 0.2 mg via respiration.[10]

  1. ^ Chai, Peter R.; Hayes, Bryan D.; Erickson, Timothy B.; Boyer, Edward W. (2018). "Novichok agents: A historical, current, and toxicological perspective". Toxicology Communications. 2 (1): 45–48. doi:10.1080/24734306.2018.1475151. PMC 6039123. PMID 30003185.
  2. ^ Mirzayanov, Vil S. (2008). State Secrets: An Insider's Chronicle of the Russian Chemical Weapons Program. Outskirts Press. ISBN 978-1-4327-2566-2.
  3. ^ Vásárhelyi, Györgyi; Földi, László (2007). "History of Russia's chemical weapons" (PDF). AARMS. 6 (1): 135–146. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-14.
  4. ^ Halámek, E.; Kobliha, Z. (2011). "Potenciální Bojové Chemické Látky". Chemické Listy. 105 (5): 323–333.
  5. ^ Peplow, Mark (19 March 2018). "Nerve agent attack on spy used 'Novichok' poison". Chemical & Engineering News. 96 (12): 3. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  6. ^ "Russian spy: What are Novichok agents and what do they do?". BBC News. 19 March 2018.
  7. ^ Carroll, Oliver (6 July 2018). "Novichok inventor on Amesbury poisoning: 'I completely understand panic of those living in Salisbury'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  8. ^ Harvey, Steven P.; McMahon, Leslie R.; Berg, Frederic J. (2020). "Hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation of Novichok nerve agents". Heliyon. 6: e03153. Bibcode:2020Heliy...603153H. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03153. PMC 7002793. PMID 32042950.
  9. ^ Gertz, Bill (4 February 1997). "Russia dodges chemical arms ban". The Washington Times. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  10. ^ Franca, Tanos C. C.; Kitagawa, Daniel A. S.; Cavalcante, Samir F. de A.; da Silva, Jorge A. V.; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Kuca, Kamil (January 2019). "Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (5): 1222. doi:10.3390/ijms20051222. PMC 6429166. PMID 30862059.
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