..jpg) Quilon Syrian copper plates | |
| Merged into | Ainurruvar (the Ayyavole Five Hundred) |
|---|---|
| Formation | c. 9th century CE |
| Dissolved | c. 13th century AD |
| Type | Merchant guild |
| Purpose |
|
Region | South India (primarily) |
| Membership | Non-Indian traders (ethnic Persians and Arabs)[1]
|
Parent organization | Ainurruvar (in and after the 12th century) |
_(early_11th_century_AD).jpg)
Anjuvannam (in Malayalam, from Persian anjuman, and hanjama or hanjamana in Telugu or Kannada[2] or hamyamana[1]) typically refers to a medieval merchant guild, consisting of non-Indian traders — principally ethnic Persians and Arabs[1] — primarily active in south India.[3] Along with manigramam and ainurruvar (the Ayyavole Five Hundred), the anjuvannam merchant guild played a major role in the commercial activities of southern India in the medieval period.[3]
Unlike manigiramam merchant guild, which was also operating in Indian hinterland, the presence of anjuvannam is found only in coastal towns.[1] In some ports this guild obtained royal charters, which permitted the special immunities and privileges within those cities. Anjuvannam finds mention in number of south Indian inscriptions, most notably in Quilon Syrian copper plates (c. 849 CE) and in Jewish copper plates of Cochin (c. 1000 CE).[2][4][5] A person in the Anjuvannam community is known as an "anjuvannan".[6]
- ^ a b c d e Subbarayalu, Y. (2015). "Trade guilds of south India up to the tenth century". Studies in People's History. 2 (1): 21–26. ISSN 2348-4489.
- ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 278, 437 and 451.
- ^ a b Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.
- ^ Pius, Malekandathil (2010). Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean. Delhi: Primus Books. ISBN 978-9380607016. OCLC 551379069.
- ^ Ganeshram, S.; Bhavani, C., eds. (2011). History of People and Their Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu. Indian University Press. ISBN 9789380325910.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
book_2009_nagapattinam_suvarnadwipawas invoked but never defined (see the help page).