Antisemitism on social media can manifest in various forms such as emojis, GIFs, memes, comments, and reactions to content. Studies have categorized antisemitic discourse into different types: hate speech, calls for violence, dehumanization, conspiracy theories and Holocaust denial.[1]
Up to 69% of Jews in the U.S. having encountered antisemitism online according to the 2022 report.[2] Jews have encountered antisemitism either as targets themselves or by being exposed to antisemitic content on their media page.[3][4]