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Asgard (Archaea)

Asgard
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Proteoarchaeota
Superphylum: Asgard
Katarzyna Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka [Wikidata], et al. 2017
Phyla

see text

Synonyms
  • "Asgardarchaeota" Violette Da Cunha et al. 2017
  • "Asgardaeota" Whitman 2018
  • "Eukaryomorpha" Fournier & Poole 2018[1]
  • Promethearchaeati Imachi et al. 2024
  • Promethearchaeota Imachi et al. 2024

Asgard or Asgardarchaeota[2] is a proposed superphylum belonging to the domain Archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins.[3] It appears that the eukaryotes, the domain that contains the animals, plants, and fungi, emerged within the Asgard,[4] in a branch containing the Heimdallarchaeota.[5] This supports the two-domain system of classification over the three-domain system.[6][7]

After including the kingdom category into ICNP, the only validly published name of this group is kingdom Promethearchaeati, containing only one phylum Promethearchaeota. All formerly proposed "phyla" would be de-ranked to classes in this framework.[8]

  1. ^ Fournier, G.P.; Poole, A.M. (2018). "A Briefly Argued Case That Asgard Archaea Are Part of the Eukaryote Tree". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 1896. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01896. PMC 6104171. PMID 30158917.
  2. ^ Da Cunha, Violette; Gaia, Morgan; Gadelle, Daniele; et al. (June 2017). "Lokiarchaea are close relatives of Euryarchaeota, not bridging the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes". PLOS Genetics. 13 (6): e1006810. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006810. PMC 5484517. PMID 28604769.
  3. ^ Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka, Katarzyna; Caceres, Eva F.; Saw, Jimmy H.; et al. (January 2017). "Asgard archaea illuminate the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity". Nature. 541 (7637): 353–358. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..353Z. doi:10.1038/nature21031. OSTI 1580084. PMID 28077874. S2CID 4458094.
  4. ^ Eme, Laura; Spang, Anja; Lombard, Jonathan; Stairs, Courtney W.; Ettema, Thijs J. G. (November 2017). "Archaea and the origin of eukaryotes". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 15 (12): 711–723. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.133. PMID 29123225. S2CID 8666687.
  5. ^ Williams, Tom A.; Cox, Cymon J.; Foster, Peter G.; Szöllősi, Gergely J.; Embley, T. Martin (January 2020). "Phylogenomics provides robust support for a two-domains tree of life". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (1): 138–147. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-1040-x. PMC 6942926. PMID 31819234.
  6. ^ Nobs, Stephanie-Jane; MacLeod, Fraser I.; Wong, Hon Lun; Burns, Brendan P. (May 2022). "Eukarya the chimera: eukaryotes, a secondary innovation of the two domains of life?". Trends in Microbiology. 30 (5): 421–431. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.11.003. PMID 34863611. S2CID 244823103.
  7. ^ Doolittle, W. Ford (February 2020). "Evolution: Two Domains of Life or Three?". Current Biology. 30 (4): R177 – R179. Bibcode:2020CBio...30.R177D. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.010. PMID 32097647.
  8. ^ Imachi, Hiroyuki; Nobu, Masaru K.; Kato, Shingo; Takaki, Yoshihiro; Miyazaki, Masayuki; Miyata, Makoto; Ogawara, Miyuki; Saito, Yumi; Sakai, Sanae; Tahara, Yuhei O.; Takano, Yoshinori; Tasumi, Eiji; Uematsu, Katsuyuki; Yoshimura, Toshihiro; Itoh, Takashi; Ohkuma, Moriya; Takai, Ken (5 July 2024). "Promethearchaeum syntrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, obligately syntrophic archaeon, the first isolate of the lineage 'Asgard' archaea, and proposal of the new archaeal phylum Promethearchaeota phyl. nov. and kingdom Promethearchaeati regn. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 74 (7). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006435.
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