Back Royaume Ay French अय राजवंश Hindi 아이국 Korean ആയ് രാജവംശം Malayalam ஆய் நாடு Tamil ఆయ్ రాజవంశం Tegulu
Ay dynasty | |||||||
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 AYS (AY-VELS) | |||||||
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| Religion | Hinduism | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
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Ay dynasty (pronounced Āy), also known as Kupaka in medieval period,[2] was an Indian dynasty which controlled the south-western tip of the peninsula, from the early historic period up to the medieval period.[3] The clan traditionally held sway over the port of Vizhinjam, the fertile region of Nanjinad, and southern parts of the spice-producing Western Ghat mountains.[2]
The Ay formed one of the major chieftains of early historic (pre-Pallava) Kerala, along with the Cheras of central Kerala and the Musikas of Elimalai in the north.[4][1] Greek geographer Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century CE) described the "Aioi" territory as extending from the Baris (Pamba) to Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari).[5] The elephant was the emblem of the early historic Ay rulers.[5]
The Ay kingdom functioned as a buffer state between the powerful Pandyas/Cholas and the Cheras (Kerala) in the medieval period.[5] A number of kings such as Chadayan Karunanthan (788/89 CE), Karunandatakkan "Srivallabha" (r. c. 856/57–884 CE[6]), and Vikramaditya "Varaguna" (r. c. 884–911/920 CE[6]) figure as the Ay chiefs of the port of Vizhinjam.[1] The famous Brahmin salai at Kanthalur, somewhere near present-day Trivandrum, was located in the Ay kingdom. The salai was sacked by Chola emperor Rajaraja I (985–1014 CE)[7] in c. 988 CE.[1] Historians assume that the Ay were a leading power in south Kerala till c. 10th century CE.[8]
- ^ a b c d Narayanan (2013), pp. 191–193, 435–437
- ^ a b Narayanan (2013), p. 179
- ^ Ganesh, K. N. (2009). "Historical Geography of Natu in South India with Special Reference to Kerala". Indian Historical Review. 36 (1): 3–21. doi:10.1177/037698360903600102. ISSN 0376-9836. S2CID 145359607.
- ^ Gurukkal, Rajan (2002). "Did State Exist in the Pre-Pallavan Tamil Region". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 63: 138–150. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44158082.
- ^ a b c Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007) [1967]. A Survey of Kerala History. Kerala: D C Books. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-81-264-1578-6.
- ^ a b Gurukkal, Rajan (1984). The Agrarian System and Socio-Political Organisation Under the Early Pandyas c. CE 600–1000 (PhD thesis). Jawaharlal Nehru University. pp. 29–30. hdl:10603/14532.
- ^ Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 122–24. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.
- ^ Ganesh, K. N. (1987). Agrarian Relations and Political Authority in Medieval Travancore (AD 1300–1750) (PhD thesis). Jawaharlal Nehru University. pp. 22–25. hdl:10603/16385.