Banking model of education (Portuguese: modelo bancário de educação) is a term coined by Paulo Freire to describe and critique the established education system in his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed.[1][2] The name refers to the metaphor of students as containers into which educators must put knowledge. Freire argued that this model reinforces a lack of critical thinking and knowledge ownership in students, which in turn reinforces oppression, in contrast to Freire's understanding of knowledge as the result of a human, creative process.[1]