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Bartolomeo Bruti

Bartolomeo Bruti
Coat of Arms of the Bruti family
Born1557
Ulqin
Died1591
Moldavia, Ottoman Empire
Cause of deathMurdered (strangulation)
NationalityAlbanian
CitizenshipVenetian
EducationGiovanni di lingua, dragoman.
Occupation(s)Translator, advisor, merchant, spy, agent and diplomat.
Years active1570-1591
Employer(s)Venice, Habsburg Spain, Philip II of Portugal, the Queen of England, The Principality of Moldavia, Zygmund III Vasa, Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha and Mehmed Bey Paşa.
Known forMaintaining relations between the Porte and the Western powers
SpouseMaria de Pleba (wife)
ChildrenAntonio Bruti (son)
FatherAntonio Bruti (1518-1571)
Relatives(forefather) Marco Bruti (fl. 1285), Antonio Bruti, (fl. 1460), Pieter of Kotorr (1588), Antonio of Ulqin, Gaicomon of Novigrad, (1671–1679) and Agostin in Koper.
FamilyBruti family

Bartolomeo Bruti, Barthélemy Bruto or Bartholomeo Brutti (b. 1557 – d. 1591)[1] was an Albanian[2][3] postelnic (chamberlain), diplomat,[4] merchant, spy, agent,[5] translator[6] and a multilingual trader, part of the Bruti family[7] from Dulcigno (Ulqin), Venetian Albania. He worked for the Venetians,[8] Philip II of Portugal, Habsburg Spain,[9][10] the Queen of England,[11] the Principality of Moldavia, Zygmund III Vasa and the Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha to whom he was related.[12] He was the son of a cavalry captain in the Venetian employ.[13] Bartolomeo Bruti married Maria de Pleba, a relative of the imperial Matthias del Faro. Their son, Antonio was born in 1578. In 1573 Bartolomeo Bruti, aged 16, sent a petition to Venice after having been trained in Istanbul to become a giovane de lingo, or a Venetian agent.[14] In 1575 he returned to Rome after having learned the Ottoman-Turkish language. Between 1574 and 1579, he worked for the Spanish on a mission to establish a truce in the Mediterranean between the two great powers Venice and the Ottoman Empire. He also worked as a spy for the Venetians fixing deals with the Ottoman Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha to whom he worked for.[15]

After the Battle of Lepanto, Mehmed Bey Paşa, governor of Algeria (1567–1568), was captured by the Venetians. He was released after Bruti negotiated a deal.[16] Together with Sokollu who gave him secret information, Bruti made a deal with the Habsburg authorities to spy on Ottoman military activity.[17] Bartolomeo proposed a new deal; if Philip II of Portugal could offer Sokollu 30,000 ducats then they could bribe Ottoman officials to eventually create an anti-Ottoman alliance in North Africa, particularly in Algeria.[18] In 1575, he traveled to Rome as part of a mission to exchange 34 Ottoman prisoners of war between the forces of the league that had participated in the Battle of Lepanto and the Ottoman Empire.[19] First he traveled to Fermo, then to Ragusa where the Ottomans were to surrender the Christian prisoners.[20][21] In 1576, he offered to send letters via Cattaro and Ragusa rather than Corfu and change the Greek couriers with Slavs.[22] He also notified Sinan Pasha of a Spanish agent named Antonio Sanz who arrived in Constantinople in 1582. Luckily for Sanz, he had a salvoconducto given by Uluç Ali. Yet he still had to leave the city and his wife and children in it immediately.

The unofficial Habsburg ambassador named Giovanni Margliani offered to the Viceroy of Naples to send two assassins named Sinan and Haydar to kill Bartolomeo Bruti for his double game.[23] The offer was declined as Bruti was neither a vassal nor a renegade. Bruti met his end in 1591 after the Moldavian prince Aron the Tyrant (1591–1595) strangled Bruti who at the time was around 30 years old.[24] Aaron the Tyrant had borrowed money from Bruti and refused to pay it back. Bruti was a Machiavellian type who played on many sides simultaneously.[25]

  1. ^ Markovic, Savo (January 2009). "2. Mreža intriga Ulcinjske Obitelji I Europska Diplomatska Povijest Ranog Novog Vijeka". Hrvatski Glasnik. Brutti, jedna od najznačajnijih obitelji mletačkog „kolonijalnog“ plemstva, koja je isticala svoje drevno podrijetlo – „famiglia dei Brutti Romani“ – do društvenog izražaja došla je u različitim sredinama talasokratske Republike: u Draču (do 1501.), Ulcinju (do 1571.) i Kopru (do početka XX. stoljeća), ali i u latinskoj četvrti Carigrada, Peri (English: Brutti, one of the most important families of the Venetian "colonial" nobility, who emphasized its ancient origin – "famiglia dei Brutti Romani" – came to social expressions in different areas of the Talasocratic Republic: in Durres (until 1501), Ulqin (until 1571). ) and Koper (until the beginning of the 20th century), but also in the Latin district of Carigrad, Peri). Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  2. ^ Development Programme, United Nations (2000). National Human Development Report: Republic of Moldova. USA: Indiana University. p. 44. ISBN 9789975958127.
  3. ^ Between Istanbul and Venice Agency, Faith, and Empire in the Sixteenth Century p. 221
  4. ^ Bajetta, Carlo M. (2017). Elizabeth I's Italian Letters. Springer. p. 38. ISBN 9781137435538.
  5. ^ GÜRKAN, EMRAH SAFA (2012). "The efficacy of Ottoman counter-intelligence in the 16th century". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 65 (Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung. Volume 65 (1), 1–38 (2012) DOI: 10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.1.1 ed.). Georgetown University: 29. doi:10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.1.1.
  6. ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa. "Captives, Diplomats and Spies: The extraordinary career of a trans-imperial go-between Bartolomeo Brutti (1570s–1590s). page 5". Academia. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  7. ^ Reno, Dorothy. "An Interview with Sir Noel Malcolm". Washington Independent. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  8. ^ Brotton, Jerry (13 June 2015). "Agents of Empire by Noel Malcolm, review: 'a quite miraculous feat'". The Telegraph. The Telegraph.
  9. ^ Malcolm (review), Noel (2015). Noel Malcolm, Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in The Sixteenth Century Mediterranean World (PDF). London: London: Allen Lane, 2015, xxv+604 pp. p. 434. ISBN 978-019-0262-78-5.
  10. ^ Hadfield, Andrew. "Agents of Empire by Noel Malcolm: The hard-fought battle for the centre of the world The fates of two families that served the Venetian city state, the Brunis and the Brutis, reveal how contingent life was and how conflicted loyalties were in the 16th-century Mediterranean". The Irish Times. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  11. ^ Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-Century Mediterranean World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 358
  12. ^ Schuchardt, Hugo; Petriceicŭ-Hasdeŭ, Bogdan (1878). Limba română vorbită între 1550-1600: Studiŭ paleografico-linguistic, eu observaţiuni filologice (in Romanian) (These are Gross the postman and Zota the back of Bartolome Brutti, a relative of the notorious Vizier Sinan, who had been a long time diplomatic agent of Venice in Constantinople after which he was again there in the service of the Spanish embassy and competed much near the Ottoman P6rta in sending Dom. The Moldavian in gratitude called him to the land made him a great boyar and covered him with assets ed.). Typografi'a Societatii Academice Romane. p. 182. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  13. ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa. "Captives, Diplomats and Spies: The extraordinary career of a trans-imperial go-between Bartolomeo Brutti (1570s–1590s). p. 1". Academia. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  14. ^ Malcom, Noel (2015). Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-century Mediterranean World. Oxford University Press. p. 206. ISBN 9780190262785. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  15. ^ Gallagher, John (10 June 2015). "Agents of Empire by Noel Malcolm review – a dazzling history of the 16th‑century Mediterranean". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  16. ^ GÜRKAN, EMRAH SAFA (2012). "The efficacy of Ottoman counter-intelligence in the 16th century". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 65 (Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung. Volume 65 (1), 1–38 (2012) DOI: 10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.1.1 ed.). Georgetown University: 35. doi:10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.1.1.
  17. ^ Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-Century Mediterranean World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 511
  18. ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa. "Captives, Diplomats and Spies: The extraordinary career of a trans-imperial go-between Bartolomeo Brutti (1570s–1590s). page 2". Academia. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  19. ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa. "Captives, Diplomats and Spies: The extraordinary career of a trans-imperial go-between Bartolomeo Bruti (1570s–1590s)". Academia. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  20. ^ Archivio, Società romana di storia patria; Deputazione romana di storia patria. "della R. Società Romana .di Storia Patria. Volume XXIV. (pages 22–23, 216, 244–246, 320.)". Archive. Italian, volume 24. Retrieved 20 March 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Malcolm, Noel (2015). Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-Century Mediterranean World. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141978369.
  22. ^ GÜRKAN, EMRAH SAFA (2012). "The Efficacy of Ottoman Counter-Intelligence in the 16th Century*". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 65 (Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung. Volume 65 (1), 1–38 (2012) DOI: 10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.1.1 ed.). Georgetown University: 28. doi:10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.1.1.
  23. ^ Gürkan, Emrah Safa (2014). MY MONEY OR YOUR LIFE: THE HABSBURG HUNT FOR ULUC ALI. La bolsa o la vida: Los Habsburgo a la caza de Uluc Ali (Translation: Nevertheless, the same Viceroy opposed Margliani’s offer to have Sinan and Haydar assassinate Bartolomeo Brutti, an Albanese go-between who was tampering with truce negotiations in Istanbul. Brutti could not be assassinated with «good conscience» because he was neither his majesty’s vassal nor a renegade. ed.). University of Istanbul. p. 140. Retrieved 3 November 2019.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ Ureche, Grigore (1878). Chronique de Moldavie depuis le milieu du XIVe siècle jusqu'a l'an 1594: Texte roumain avec traduction française, notes historiques, tableaux généalogiques, glossaire et table (in French) (La plus notable victim de la colere d'Aaron fut Bartolomeo Bruti. (Translation: The most notable victim of Aaron's anger was Bartolomeo Bruti.) ed.). Ernest Leroux. p. 573. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  25. ^ Historical Abstracts: Modern history abstracts, 1775-1914 (Bartolomeo Brutti (d. 1592) was an Italian of Albanian origin, a Machiavellian type who is first mentioned about 1571 as a papal agent in Constantinople concerned with an exchange of prisoners. Subsequently he served Spain, and was then ... ed.). American Bibliographical Center, CLIO. 1987. p. 260.
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