Bash (Unix shell)

Bash
Original author(s)Brian Fox
Developer(s)Chet Ramey
Initial release8 June 1989; 35 years ago (8 June 1989)
Stable release
5.2.37[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 23 September 2024
Repository
Written inC
Operating system
PlatformGNU
Available inMultilingual (gettext)
TypeShell (computing), Unix shell, command language
License
Websitewww.gnu.org/software/bash/

In computing, Bash (short for "Bourne Again SHell,")[6] is an interactive command interpreter and command programming language developed for UNIX-like operating systems.[7] Created in 1989[8] by Brian Fox for the GNU Project, it is supported by the Free Software Foundation and designed as a 100% free alternative for the Bourne shell (sh) and other proprietary Unix shells. [9]

Since its inception, Bash has gained widespread adoption and is commonly used as the default login shell for numerous Linux distributions.[10] It holds historical significance as one of the earliest programs ported to Linux by Linus Torvalds, alongside the GNU Compiler (GCC).[11] It is available on nearly all modern operating systems, making it a versatile tool in various computing environments.

As a command-line interface (CLI), Bash operates within a text window where users input commands to execute various tasks. It also supports the execution of commands from files, known as shell scripts, facilitating automation. In keeping with Unix shell conventions, Bash incorporates a rich set of features. The keywords, syntax, dynamically scoped variables, and other basic features of the language are all copied from the Bourne shell, sh. Other features, e.g., history, are copied from the C shell, csh, and the Korn Shell, ksh. It is a POSIX-compliant shell with extensions.

  1. ^ "Index of /gnu/bash". Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  2. ^ GNU Project. "README file". Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2014. Bash is free software, distributed under the terms of the [GNU] General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License (or any later version).
  3. ^ "bash-1.11". oldlinux.org. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021. See test.c for GPL-2.0-or-later
  4. ^ "BashFAQ/061 - Greg's Wiki". mywiki.wooledge.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  5. ^
  6. ^
    • Richard Stallman (12 November 2010). "About the GNU Project". Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011. "Bourne Again Shell" is a play on the name Bourne Shell, which was the usual shell on Unix.
    • Gattol, Markus (13 March 2011), Bourne-again Shell, archived from the original on 9 March 2011, retrieved 13 March 2011, The name is a pun on the name of the Bourne shell (sh), an early and important Unix shell written by Stephen Bourne and distributed with Version 7 Unix circa 1978, and the concept of being "born again".
  7. ^ "Bourne shell". ibm.com. Retrieved 19 May 2024. The Bourne shell is an interactive command interpreter and command programming language.
  8. ^ Brian Fox (forwarded by Leonard H. Tower Jr.) (8 June 1989). "Bash is in beta release!". Newsgroupgnu.announce. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
  9. ^
  10. ^ Hamilton, Naomi (30 May 2008), "The A-Z of Programming Languages: BASH/Bourne-Again Shell", Computerworld: 2, archived from the original on 6 July 2011, retrieved 21 March 2011, When Richard Stallman decided to create a full replacement for the then-encumbered Unix systems, he knew that he would eventually have to have replacements for all of the common utilities, especially the standard shell, and those replacements would have to have acceptable licensing. NOTE: Original computerworld.com.au link is dead: see also copies of original material at
  11. ^ Torvalds, Linus Benedict (August 1991). "comp.os.minix". Retrieved 6 September 2009. I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work.

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