| Battle of Kandalur salai Capture of Kandalur salai | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Chola Expansions under Rajaraja I (late 10th century CE) | |||||||||
 Inscription of Chola emperor Rajaraja from Suchindram, Kanyakumari (15th regnal year) | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Chola Empire |
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Rajaraja Chola I |
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| Units involved | |||||||||
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Chola Army (?) Chola Navy |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Destruction of Kandalur Salai | ||||||||
The battle of Kandalur salai (c. 988 CE), also spelled Kanthaloor salai, was a naval engagement of the Cholas under Rajaraja I (985—1014 CE) against the "salai" at Kandalur in south Kerala.[1][3] The exact location of Kandalur—somewhere south Kerala—is a subject of scholarly debate.[1][3] The above (988 CE) event is sometimes assumed to be identical with the "conquest of Vizhinjam by a general of Rajaraja [I]", before the "burning of Lanka", described in the Tiruvalangadu Grant/Plates.[1]
The phrase "Kandalur salai kalamarutta" is again used as a title with distinction of three other Chola emperors also (Rajendra, Rajadhiraja and Kulottunga).[4]
- ^ a b c d Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 115–117 and 135. ISBN 9788188765072.
- ^ Roy, Kaushik (2022). A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare. Routledge. ISBN 9781000432121.
- ^ a b Karashima, Noburu (2014). "The Balance of Two Powers". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 125–26.
- ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. (1970). "Kandalur Salai: New Light on the Nature of Aryan Expansion in South India". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 32: 125–136.