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Battle of Kulikovo

For the opera, see Dmitry Donskoy (opera).
Battle of Kulikovo
Part of the Great Troubles

"The Battle of Kulikovo" (1849). Painting by Adolphe Yvon.
Date8 September 1380
Location
Kulikovo Field (now Tula Oblast)
Result Russian victory[2]
Belligerents

Moscow

Mamai, controlling the western part of the Golden Horde

  • Lithuania (arrived too late to aid Mamai; retreated at the news of Mamai's defeat)[1]
Commanders and leaders
Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow
Vladimir Andreyevich the Bold		 Mamai
Muhammad Bolak †
Władysław II Jagiełło
Strength
30,000–50/60,000 –150,000[3] men 30,000[4]–100,000[5]–200,000[3]–300,000[6]

The Battle of Kulikovo (Russian: Куликовская битва, romanized: Kulikovskaya bitva)[a] was fought between the forces of Mamai, a powerful Mongol military commander of the Golden Horde, and Russian forces led by Grand Prince Dmitry of Moscow.[7][8][9] The battle took place on 8 September 1380,[10] at Kulikovo Field near the Don River (now Tula Oblast, Russia) and was won by Dmitry,[11] who became known as Donskoy ("of the Don") after the battle.[11]

Although the victory did not end Mongol domination over Russia, it is traditionally regarded as the turning point at which Mongol influence began to wane and Moscow's power began to rise.[2][10] The battle would allow Moscow to strengthen its claims of ascendancy over the other Russian principalities,[12] in which it would ultimately become the centre of a centralized Russian state.[13][14][15][16][17]

  1. ^ a b Halperin 2016, p. 10.
  2. ^ a b Borrero 2009, p. 208.
  3. ^ a b Gumilev 2023, p. 264.
  4. ^ Podhorodecki 2008, p. 106.
  5. ^ Karantsevich 2004, p. 139.
  6. ^ Егоршина 2023, p. 19.
  7. ^ Moss 2003, p. 82.
  8. ^ Galeotti 2019, p. 6, Russians, with Grand Prince Dmitry at the centre.
  9. ^ Borrero 2009, p. 208, The Russian armies, led by Grand Prince Dmitrii of Moscow, son of Ivan II.
  10. ^ a b Kort 2008, p. 21.
  11. ^ a b Bushkovitch 2011, p. 23.
  12. ^ Crummey 2014, p. 53, Certainly Kulikovo did not free the Russian principalities... The victory at Kulikovo, however, greatly increased the prestige of the ruler of Moscow.
  13. ^ Timofeychev, A. (2017-07-19). "The Battle of Kulikovo: When the Russian Nation Was Born". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  14. ^ Borrero 2009, p. 208, It strengthened the claims of the rulers of Moscow to ascendancy over the other Russian principalities. But it marked only the beginning of the end of Mongol rule over Russia.
  15. ^ Meyendorff, John (24 June 2010). Byzantium and the Rise of Russia: A Study of Byzantino–Russian Relations in the Fourteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-521-13533-7.
  16. ^ Kort 2008, p. 21, Moscow's strength, especially relative to other Russian principalities, continued to grow.
  17. ^ Keller 2020, p. 25, Two years later... the Russians were actually under harsher Mongol control... Despite this, Dmitri had laid important groundwork for Moscow's future dominance.


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