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|
 The signing ceremony at Viskuli Government House | |
| Type | Treaty establishing a loose regional organisation |
|---|---|
| Signed | 8 December 1991 |
| Location | Viskuli, Belovezh Forest, Belarus (de facto) Minsk, Minsk Oblast, Belarus (de jure) |
| Effective |
|
| Signatories | |
| Parties | |
| Depositary |  Republic of Belarus |
| Languages | Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian |
The Agreement on the creation the Commonwealth of Independent States (officially) or unofficially Minsk Agreement[1][2] and best known as Belovezha Accords[a] is the agreement declaring that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had effectively ceased to exist and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place as an organization created by the same Union Republics. The documentation was signed at the state dacha near Viskuli in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Belarus on 8 December 1991, by leaders of three of the four republics (except for the defunct Transcaucasian SFSR) which had signed the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR:[3]
- Belarusian Parliament Chairman Stanislav Shushkevich and Prime Minister of Belarus Vyacheslav Kebich
- Russian President Boris Yeltsin and First Deputy Prime Minister of the RSFSR/Russian Federation Gennady Burbulis
- Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk and Ukrainian Prime Minister Vitold Fokin
As Shushkevich said in 2006, by December "the union had already been broken up by the putschists" who in August 1991 tried to remove Mikhail Gorbachev from power to prevent the transformation of the Soviet Union into what Shushkevich described as "a confederation". The three wanted to avoid what happened in the breakup of Yugoslavia and "there was no other way out of the situation than a divorce."[4]
The Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 21 December 1991 was signed on 21 December 1991.[5]
On 31 March 1994, the CIS Economic Court decided that the 1991 agreements are primary in relation to the CIS Charter, and the CIS charter itself does not change the conditions of those 11 countries that have become co-founders of the CIS after they ratified the 1991 agreements. It is the agreements of 1991 that are the constituent and founding documents of the Commonwealth, but the Charter is not.[6]
- ^ https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/minsk-agreement-ends-soviet-union-1991/
- ^ https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-end-of-the-soviet-union/the-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts/minsk-agreement/
- ^ "14 Years of Belavezha Accords' Signing". Charter'97. 8 December 2005. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007.
- ^ "Soviet Leaders Recall 'Inevitable' Breakup Of Soviet Union". Radio Free Europe. 8 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2006.
- ^ https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/print/documentCard?ids=6
- ^ "РЕШЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СУДА СОДРУЖЕСТВА НЕЗАВИСИМЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ". cis.minsk.by. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
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