Back Swartkopmeeu Afrikaans Lachmöwe ALS Chroicocephalus ridibundus AN Blæc-hēafod mǣw ANG نورس أسود الرأس Arabic نورس اسود الراس ARZ Chroicocephalus ridibundus AST Chroicocephalus ridibundus Azerbaijani Чайка азёрная Byelorussian Речна чайка Bulgarian
| Black-headed gull | |
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| Adult summer plumage | |
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| Adult winter plumage
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Laridae |
| Genus: | Chroicocephalus |
| Species: | C. ridibundus
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| Binomial name | |
| Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
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| Distribution: Breeding summer visitor Breeding resident Non-breeding passage migrant Non-breeding winter visitor Vagrant records
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| Synonyms | |
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Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766 | |
The black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic in Europe and Asia, and also locally in smaller numbers in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but many also remain in the milder areas of northwestern Europe. It was formerly sometimes cited as "common black-headed gull" to distinguish it from "great black-headed gull" (an old name for Pallas's gull).
The black-headed gull was previously placed in the genus Larus but genetic studies early in the 21st century showed that this genus in a wide sense like this was paraphyletic with respect to other gull genera, and extensive changes to the taxonomy of gulls were made with many species of gull removed from Larus and transferred to other genera; the black-headed gull joining nine or ten other species in the resurrected genus Chroicocephalus;[2][3] this was accepted by the IOC World Bird List and other ornithological authorities in 2008.[4]
The genus name Chroicocephalus is from the Ancient Greek words khroizo, "to colour", and kephale, "head". The specific name ridibundus is Latin for "laughing a lot".
- ^ Butchart, S.; Symes, A. (2012). "Larus ridibundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T22694420A38851158. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22694420A38851158.en.
- ^ Thomas, Gavin H; Wills, Matthew A; Székely, Tamás (24 August 2004). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 515296. PMID 15329156.
- ^ Pons, J.-M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.-A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 686–699. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011.
- ^ IOC World Bird List – 2008 archive