Back أيل أسود الذيل Arabic ايل اسود الذيل ARZ Wocokol (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) AVK Jelenec černoocasý Czech Venado de Cola Negra Spanish Mustsaba-hirv Estonian گوزن دم‌سیاه Persian Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Italian Jeleń czarnoogoniasty Polish Hươu đuôi đen Vietnamese

Black-tailed deer

Black-tailed deer
Young male black-tailed deer (Olympic National Park)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Odocoileus
Species:
O. hemionus
Subspecies:
O. h. columbianus
Trinomial name
Odocoileus hemionus columbianus
(Richardson, 1829)

Black-tailed deer or blacktail deer occupy coastal regions of western North America. There are two subspecies, the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) which ranges from the Pacific Northwest of the United States and coastal British Columbia in Canada[1] to Santa Barbara County in Southern California,[2] and a second subspecies known as the Sitka deer (O. h. sitkensis) which is geographically disjunct occupying from mid-coastal British Columbia up through southeast Alaska, and southcentral Alaska (as far as Kodiak Island).[1][3][4][5] The black-tailed deer subspecies are about half the size of the mainland mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) subspecies, the latter ranging further east in the western United States.[6] Blacktail deer are a distinct species and the predecessor to the mule deer, which is a hybrid of blacktail deer and whitetail deer.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

  1. ^ a b B.C. Ministry of Env., Lands & Parks. (Undated) Mule and black-tailed deer in British Columbia.
  2. ^ William P. Dasmann (1975). Big Game of California. Sacramento, California: California Fish and Game. p. 58.
  3. ^ B.C. Ministry of Forests. 1996–1998. Coastal Black-Tailed Deer Study, linking to five reports.
  4. ^ MacDonald, S. and Cook, J. (2007) Mammals and Amphibians of Southeast Alaska.
  5. ^ Wildlife. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge. Last updated: April 6, 2011.
  6. ^ Emily K. Latch, Elizabeth M. Kierepka, James R. Heffelfinger, and Olin E. Rhodes Jr. (2011). "Hybrid swarm between divergent lineages of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)". Molecular Ecology. 20 (24): 5265–5279. Bibcode:2011MolEc..20.5265L. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05349.x. PMID 22066874. Retrieved December 19, 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Sanchez-Rojas, G.; Gallina-Tessaro, S. (2016). "Odocoileus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42393A22162113. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42393A22162113.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  8. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  9. ^ Novak, R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. 6th edition. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
  10. ^ Heffelfinger, J. (version 2 March 2011). Tails with a dark side: The truth about whitetail – mule deer hybrids. Archived November 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Reid, F. A. (2006). Mammals of North America. 4th edition. ISBN 978-0-395-93596-5
  12. ^ Geist, V. (1998). Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology. ISBN 978-0-8117-0496-0
  13. ^ Feldhamer, G. A., B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman, editors (2003). Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation. 2nd edition. ISBN 978-0-8018-7416-1
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