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Black Widow (Russian: чёрная вдова, chyornaya vdova) or Shahidka (Russian: шахидка—Russian feminine gender derivation from shahid), is a term for Islamist Chechen female suicide bombers, willing to be a manifestation of violent jihad.[1] They became known at the Moscow theater hostage crisis of October 2002.[2] The commander Shamil Basayev referred to the shahidkas as a part of force of his suicide bombers called the Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs.[3] Basayev also stated that he himself trained at least fifty of the Black Widows.[3] The female suicide bombers have carried out over 65% of the 23 terrorist attacks linked to the Chechen movement since 2000.[4] The Black Widows are associated with terrorist attacks in Chechnya between 1999 and 2005.[5]
The term "Black Widows" probably originates from these women being widows of men killed by the Russian forces in Chechnya (the connotation of black widow spider is intended). The Black Widows wear black dresses and dark clothing that covers their bodies from head to toe.[5] This attire is supposed to symbolize their personal losses from the Chechen wars.[5] In 2003, the Russian journalist Yulia Yuzik coined the phrase "Brides of Allah" (Невесты Аллаха) when she described the process by which Chechen women were recruited by Basayev and his associates;[6] the phrase was also used again after the Beslan attack, as the title of an installment of the Russian NTV programme Top Secret (Совершенно секретно).
- ^ Osborne, Andrew (29 March 2012). "Moscow bombing: who are the Black Widows". The Telegraph. Moscow. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ Elder, Miriam (29 March 2010). "Moscow bombings blamed on Chechnya's Black Widows". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
rwkckb07was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Shirazi, Faegheh (2010). Muslim Women in War and Crisis: Representation. pp. 92–106.
- ^ a b c Eliatamby, Maneshka; Romanova, Ekaterina (2011). "Dying for Identity: Chechnya and Sri Lanka". Women Waging War and Peace. pp. 53–65.
- ^ Interview with Yulia Yuzik at RFE/RL