Back Bloutongsiekte Afrikaans مرض اللسان الأزرق Arabic Blauzungenkronkheit BAR Син език Bulgarian Bolest plavog jezika BS Llengua blava Catalan Katarální horečka ovcí Czech Bluetongue Danish Blauzungenkrankheit German Lengua azul Spanish
Bluetongue (BT) disease is a noncontagious, arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants,[1] primarily sheep and other domestic or wild ruminants, including cattle, yaks,[2] goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope.[3] It is caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), a non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus belongs to the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae.[1] The virus is mainly transmitted by biting midges, specifically Culicoides species (e.g. Culicoides imicola, Culicoides oxystoma, and Culicoides variipennis).[3][4] BTV has a widespread geographical distribution, encompassing numerous continents and regions, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and various tropical and subtropical regions.[5] At present, there are more than 28 recognized serotypes of BTV. [3][6][7][8] Bluetongue outbreaks have had a significant economic impact, with estimated global losses reaching approximately 3 billion USD.[9]
- ^ a b Spedicato M (January 2016). "Infectious Diseases: Bluetongue". In McSweeney PL, McNamara JP (eds.). Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (Third ed.). Oxford: Academic Press. pp. 303–309. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.00721-6. ISBN 978-0-12-818767-8. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- ^ Mauroy A, Guyot H, De Clercq K, Cassart D, Thiry E, Saegerman C (April 2008). "Bluetongue in captive yaks". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 675–676. doi:10.3201/eid1404.071416. PMC 2570917. PMID 18394296.
- ^ a b c Saminathan M, Singh KP, Khorajiya JH, Dinesh M, Vineetha S, Maity M, et al. (December 2020). "An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India". The Veterinary Quarterly. 40 (1): 258–321. doi:10.1080/01652176.2020.1831708. PMC 7655031. PMID 33003985.
- ^ Tabachnick WJ (January 1996). "Culicoides variipennis and bluetongue-virus epidemiology in the United States". Annual Review of Entomology. 41 (1): 23–43. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000323. PMID 8546447.
- ^ "Bluetongue". WOAH - World Organisation for Animal Health. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- ^ Rodríguez-Martín D, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Avia M, Martín V, Rojas JM, Sevilla N (July 2021). "The Interplay between Bluetongue Virus Infections and Adaptive Immunity". Viruses. 13 (8): 1511. doi:10.3390/v13081511. PMC 8402766. PMID 34452376.
- ^ John L, Vernersson C, Kwon H, Elling U, Penninger JM, Mirazimi A (May 2022). "Redirecting Imipramine against Bluetongue Virus Infection: Insights from a Genome-wide Haploid Screening Study". Pathogens. 11 (5): 602. doi:10.3390/pathogens11050602. PMC 9144988. PMID 35631123.
- ^ Yang H, Gu W, Li Z, Zhang L, Liao D, Song J, et al. (July 2021). "Novel putative bluetongue virus serotype 29 isolated from inapparently infected goat in Xinjiang of China". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 68 (4): 2543–2555. doi:10.1111/tbed.13927. PMID 33190404.
- ^ Alkhamis MA, Aguilar-Vega C, Fountain-Jones NM, Lin K, Perez AM, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM (December 2020). "Global emergence and evolutionary dynamics of bluetongue virus". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 21677. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1021677A. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78673-9. PMC 7729867. PMID 33303862.