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The Bodhi Tree ("tree of awakening" or "tree of enlightenment"[1]), also called the Bo tree,[2] was a large sacred fig tree (Ficus religiosa)[1][3] located in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India. Siddhartha Gautama, the spiritual teacher who became known as the Buddha, is said to have attained enlightenment, or buddhahood, circa 500 BCE, under that tree.[4] In religious iconography, the Bodhi tree is recognizable by its heart-shaped leaves, which are usually prominently displayed.[5]
The original tree under which Siddhartha Gautama sat is no longer living, but the term "bodhi tree" is also applied to existing sacred fig trees.[6] The foremost example is the Mahabodhi tree growing at the Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya, which is often cited as a direct descendant of the original tree. This tree, planted around 250 BCE, is a frequent destination for pilgrims, being the most important of the four main Buddhist pilgrimage sites.[7] The Forest Research Institute of India assists in the upkeep of the Mahabodhi tree since 2007.[8][9][10] Cloning was considered in 2008.[11] The tree's leaves can be bought by pilgrims as mementos.[11]
Other holy bodhi trees with great significance in the history of Buddhism are the Anandabodhi tree at Jetavana in Sravasti, northern India, and the Sri Maha Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
- ^ a b Gethin, Rupert (1998). The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-19-289223-2.
- ^ "Buddhism Fast Facts". CNN. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- ^ Simon Gardner, Pindar Sidisunthorn and Lai Ee May 2011. Heritage Trees of Penang. Penang: Areca Books. ISBN 978-967-57190-6-6
- ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 176.
- ^ For more on the topic see also the chapter "Buddha, Buddhism, and the bodhi tree" in Belief, Bounty, and Beauty by Albertina Nugteren. doi:10.1163/9789047415619_004
- ^ "Ficus religiosa – Plant Finder". missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "Botanic Notables: The Bodhi Tree – Garden Design". GardenDesign.com. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ Kazmi, S M A (7 August 2007). "Forest institute suggests methods to save Bodhi tree – Indian Express". The Indian Express Archives. Retrieved 7 April 2022.[dead link]
- ^ Qadir, Abdul (31 August 2017). "Two Forest Research Institute scientists examine Bodhi tree, collect sample". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ Sahay, Anand Mohan (25 October 2007). "Branch of bodhi tree was cut 3 years ago: Report". rediff.com. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b Bedi, Rahul (9 April 2008). "Scientists turn to cloning in attempt to save Buddhism's holiest tree for posterity". The Irish Times. Retrieved 7 April 2022.