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The Book of Hosea (Biblical Hebrew: סֵפֶר הוֹשֵׁעַ, romanized: Sēfer Hōšēaʿ) is collected as one of the twelve minor prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Tanakh, and as a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament. According to the traditional order of most Hebrew Bibles, it is the first of the Twelve.
Set around the fall of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, the Book of Hosea denounces the worship of gods other than Yahweh (the God of Israel), metaphorically comparing Israel's abandonment of Yahweh to a woman being unfaithful to her husband. According to the book's narrative, the relationship between Hosea and his unfaithful wife Gomer is comparable to the relationship between Yahweh and his unfaithful people Israel: this text "for the first time" describes the latter relationship in terms of a marriage.[1] The eventual reconciliation of Hosea and Gomer is treated as a hopeful metaphor for the eventual reconciliation between Yahweh and Israel.
Redaction-critical studies of Hosea since the 1980s have increasingly emphasized the theological and literary unity created by editors, though scholars differ significantly in their interpretations of the redaction process, stages, and the extent of the eighth-century prophet’s original contributions.[2] Ehud Ben Zvi’s interpretation of Hosea as a product of Persian period literati constructing didactic prophetic readings has spurred much debate.[3][4][5]
Hosea is the source of the phrase "reap the whirlwind",[6] which has passed into common usage in English and other languages.
- ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), Introduction to the Prophets, p. 1135, London: Darton, Longman & Todd Ltd and Doubleday and Co. Inc.
- ^ Irvine, Stuart A. (February 10, 2021). "Hosea". In O'Brien, Julia M. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets. Oxford University Press. pp. 398–410. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.29. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- ^ Ben Zvi, Ehud. Hosea. 2005. FOTL 21A. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
- ^ Bos, James M. 2013. Reconsidering the Date and Provenance of the Book of Hosea: The Case for Persian-Period Yehud. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
- ^ Na’aman, Nadav. 2015. “The Book of Hosea as a Source for the Last Days of the Kingdom of Israel.” BZ 59:232–256.
- ^ Hosea 8:7