Borna disease

Borna disease virus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Class:	Monjiviricetes
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Bornaviridae
Genus:	Orthobornavirus
Species:	Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus
Subtypes
	Borna disease virus 1; Borna disease virus 2;

Borna disease viruses 1 and 2
Borna disease viruses 1 and 2
Specialty	Veterinary medicine

Borna disease, also known as sad horse disease,^[1] is an infectious neurological syndrome^[2] of warm-blooded animals, caused by Borna disease viruses 1 and 2 (BoDV-1/2). BoDV-1/2 are neurotropic viruses of the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus, and members of the Bornaviridae family within the Mononegavirales order.

Borna disease is a severe neurological illness that predominantly affects horses and sheep, but it has been observed in a wide range of mammals. The disease is characterised by ataxia and abnormal depressive behaviour, frequently culminating in death. There have been rare cases of human fatalities associated with encephalitis caused by Borna disease virus infection.^[3] Additionally, correlative evidence exists linking BoDV-1/2 infection with neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder in humans.^[4]

^ Colman AM (2009-01-01), "Sad horse disease", A Dictionary of Psychology, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199534067.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-953406-7, retrieved 2020-01-16
^ Ackermann A, Staeheli P, Schneider U (August 2007). "Adaptation of Borna disease virus to new host species attributed to altered regulation of viral polymerase activity". Journal of Virology. 81 (15): 7933–7940. doi:10.1128/JVI.00334-07. PMC 1951315. PMID 17522214.
^ Niller HH, Angstwurm K, Rubbenstroth D, Schlottau K, Ebinger A, Giese S, et al. (April 2020). "Zoonotic spillover infections with Borna disease virus 1 leading to fatal human encephalitis, 1999-2019: an epidemiological investigation". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 20 (4): 467–477. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30546-8. PMID 31924550. S2CID 210149895.
^ Cite error: The named reference Bode_1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Colman AM (2009-01-01), "Sad horse disease", A Dictionary of Psychology, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199534067.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-953406-7, retrieved 2020-01-16

[Ackermann_2007-2] Ackermann A, Staeheli P, Schneider U (August 2007). "Adaptation of Borna disease virus to new host species attributed to altered regulation of viral polymerase activity". Journal of Virology. 81 (15): 7933–7940. doi:10.1128/JVI.00334-07. PMC 1951315. PMID 17522214.

[Niller_2020-3] Niller HH, Angstwurm K, Rubbenstroth D, Schlottau K, Ebinger A, Giese S, et al. (April 2020). "Zoonotic spillover infections with Borna disease virus 1 leading to fatal human encephalitis, 1999-2019: an epidemiological investigation". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 20 (4): 467–477. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30546-8. PMID 31924550. S2CID 210149895.

[Bode_1990-4] Cite error: The named reference Bode_1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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Borna disease

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