By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

← 2019–2021

By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament may be held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2021 federal election and the 2025 federal election. The 44th Canadian Parliament has existed since 2021 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 44th Canadian federal election held on September 20, 2021. The Liberal Party of Canada has a minority government during this Parliament, supported by the New Democratic Party in a (2022 to 2024) confidence-and-supply agreement.^[1] The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.

Eleven by-elections have been held during the 44th Parliament. They have taken place in the following electoral districts:

• Mississauga—Lakeshore, following the resignation of Liberal MP Sven Spengemann to take on a role at the United Nations on May 27, 2022.^[2]
• Winnipeg South Centre, left vacant following the death of Liberal MP Jim Carr on December 12, 2022.^[3]
• Oxford, following the resignation of Conservative MP Dave MacKenzie on January 28, 2023.^[4]
• Portage—Lisgar, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen on February 28, 2023.^[5][6]
• Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau on March 8, 2023.^[7]
• Calgary Heritage, following the resignation of Conservative MP Bob Benzen on December 31, 2022, to return to the private sector.^[8]
• Durham, following Conservative MP Erin O'Toole's resignation on August 1, 2023.^[9]
• Toronto—St. Paul's, following Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett's resignation on January 16, 2024.^[10]
• LaSalle—Émard—Verdun, following the resignation of Liberal MP David Lametti on February 1, 2024.
• Elmwood—Transcona, following the resignation of New Democratic MP Daniel Blaikie on March 31, 2024.
• Cloverdale—Langley City, following the resignation of Liberal MP John Aldag on May 27, 2024.

A by-election is pending in the following electoral district:

• Halifax, following the resignation of Liberal MP Andy Fillmore on August 31, 2024.^[11] Must be held by April 22, 2025, unless a federal election is called before then.

Under the Parliament of Canada Act, no byelection is held if the vacancy occurs within 9 months of the fixed date for the next general election.^[12] The following seats became vacant in the nine-month period prior to the fixed election date of October 20, 2025 and will remain vacant until the next general election:

• Honoré-Mercier, following the resignation of Independent MP Pablo Rodriguez on January 20, 2025.
• Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke, following the resignation of New Democratic MP Randall Garrison on January 30, 2025.

The writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the chief electoral officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, by-elections must be held on a Monday, at least 36 days after dropping the writ and no more than 50 days after dropping the writ.^[13]