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Cambodia

This article is about the country. For the song by Kim Wilde, see Cambodia (song).
"Kampuchea" redirects here. For other uses, see Kampuchea (disambiguation).

Kingdom of Cambodia
ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (Khmer)
Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea
Motto: ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ
Anthem: នគររាជ
Capital
and largest city
Phnom Penh
11°34′10″N 104°55′16″E / 11.56944°N 104.92111°E / 11.56944; 104.92111
Official languagesKhmer[1]
Official scriptKhmer[1]
Ethnic groups
(2021[2])
Religion
(2019[3])
Demonym(s)
GovernmentUnitary dominant-party parliamentary constitutional elective monarchy under an authoritarian dictatorship[5][6][7]
• Monarch
Norodom Sihamoni
Hun Manet
Hun Sen
Khuon Sodary
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
National Assembly
Formation
• Funan
68–550
• Chenla
550–802
802–1431
1431–1863
11 August 1863
• Independence from France
9 November 1953
Area
• Total
181,035 km2 (69,898 sq mi) (88th)
• Water (%)
2.5
Population
• 2024 estimate
17,638,801[8] (71st)
• Density
94.4/km2 (244.5/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2025 estimate
• Total
Increase $150.590 billion[9] (89th)
• Per capita
Increase $8,678[9] (132th)
GDP (nominal)2025 estimate
• Total
Increase $51.159 billion[9] (94th)
• Per capita
Increase $2,948[9] (139th)
Gini (2013)36.0[10]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.600[11]
medium (148th)
Currency
[12][13]
Time zoneUTC+07:00 (ICT)
Calling code+855
ISO 3166 codeKH
Internet TLD.kh
You may need rendering support to display the Khmer text in this article correctly.

Cambodia,[a] officially the Kingdom of Cambodia,[b] is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand in the southwest. It spans an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles), dominated by a low-lying plain and the confluence of the Mekong river and Tonlé Sap, Southeast Asia's largest lake. It is dominated by a tropical climate and is rich in wildlife and biodiversity. Cambodia has a population of about 17 million people,[15] the majority of which are ethnically Khmer. Its capital and most populous city is Phnom Penh, followed by Siem Reap and Battambang.[16]

In 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla under the name "Kambuja".[17] This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire. The Indianised kingdom facilitated the spread of first Hinduism and then Buddhism to Southeast Asia and undertook religious infrastructural projects throughout the region, the most famous of which is Angkor Wat. In the 15th century, it began a decline in power until, in 1863, Cambodia became a French protectorate. Following Japanese occupation during World War II, Cambodia declared independence from France in 1953. The Vietnam War embroiled the country in civil war during the 1960s, culminating in a 1970 coup which installed the US-aligned Khmer Republic and the takeover of the communist Khmer Rouge in 1975. The Khmer Rouge ruled the country and carried out the Cambodian genocide from 1975 until 1979, until they were ousted during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. Peace was restored by the 1991 Paris Peace Accords and subsequent United Nations peacekeeping mission, establishing a new constitution, holding the 1993 general election, and ending long-term insurgencies. The 1997 coup d'état consolidated power under Prime Minister Hun Sen and the Cambodian People's Party (CPP).

Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy and multi-party state,[18] although the CPP dominates the political system.[19] Cambodia is a member of the United Nations, ASEAN, the RCEP, the East Asia Summit, the WTO, the Non-Aligned Movement, and La Francophonie, and is a dialogue partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.[20][21] The UN designates Cambodia a least developed country.[22] Agriculture remains its dominant economic sector, with growth in textiles, construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade.[23] Corruption, human rights issues and deforestation have remained challenges in Cambodia's post-conflict development. The official and most widely spoken language is Khmer, and the most widely practiced religion is Buddhism. The country's culture and traditions are shaped by its Angkorean heritage and international influences over its history.

  1. ^ a b "Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia". Office of the Council of Ministers. អង្គភាពព័ត៌មាន និងប្រតិកម្មរហ័ស. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  2. ^ "Report of Socio-Economic Survey 2021" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics. Ministry of Planning. December 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  3. ^ "General Population Census of Cambodia 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  4. ^ "Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia" (PDF). Constitutional Council of Cambodia. October 2015. p. 14 Article 43. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022. Buddhism is State's religion
  5. ^ "What to expect from Cambodia's new 'dynastic' prime minister". Deutsche Welle. 8 August 2022. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  6. ^ Syed, Armani (26 July 2023). "What to Know About the Army Chief Who Will Be Cambodia's Next Leader". Time. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  7. ^ Hunt, Luke (23 August 2023). "Assessing Cambodia's New Political Leadership". The Diplomat. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  8. ^ "Cambodia Population (2024) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database: October 2024". IMF. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  10. ^ "Income Gini coefficient". hdr.undp.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  11. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  12. ^ Nay Im, Tal; Dabadie, Michel (31 March 2007). "Dollarization in Cambodia" (PDF). National Bank of Cambodia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  13. ^ Nagumo, Jada (4 August 2021). "Cambodia aims to wean off US dollar dependence with digital currency". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022. Cambodia runs a dual-currency system, with the U.S. dollar widely circulating in its economy. The country's dollarization began in the 1980s and 90s, following years of civil war and unrest.
  14. ^ "Cambodia". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  15. ^ "Cambodia Population (2024) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  16. ^ "Cambodia", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2 January 2025, retrieved 10 January 2025
  17. ^ Chandler, David P. (1992) History of Cambodia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, ISBN 0813335116.
  18. ^ "CONSTITUTION OF THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA". pressocm.gov.kh. Office of the Council of Ministers. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  19. ^ Barrett, Chris (10 November 2022). "Biden, Albanese urged to fight repression in Cambodia". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  20. ^ Kucera, Joshua (10 July 2015). "SCO Summit Provides Few Concrete Results, But More Ambitious Goals". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Cambodia becomes dialogue partner in SCO". TASS. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  22. ^ "UN list of Least Developed Countries". UNCTAD. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  23. ^ "Cambodia to outgrow LDC status by 2020". The Phnom Penh Post. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.


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