Back Wawielsterrestelsel Afrikaans مجرة عجلة العربة Arabic Galaksienn ar Rod Karrigenn Breton Kolo od vozu Czech PGC 2248 German Galaxia Rueda de Carro Spanish Tõllaratta galaktika Estonian کهکشان چرخ گاری Persian Kärrynpyörägalaksi Finnish Galaxie de la Roue de chariot French
| Cartwheel Galaxy | |
|---|---|
 The Cartwheel Galaxy as seen from the James Webb Space Telescope[1] | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Sculptor |
| Right ascension | 00h 37m 41.1s[2] |
| Declination | −33° 42′ 59″[2] |
| Redshift | 9050 ± 3 km/s[2] |
| Distance | 500 Mly (150 Mpc)[3] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.2[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | S pec (Ring)[2] |
| Size | 44.23 kpc (144,300 ly) (diameter; 25.0 mag/arcsec2 B-band isophote)[2][4] |
| Apparent size (V) | 1′.1 × 0′.9[2] |
| Notable features | Ring shape |
| Other designations | |
| MCG-06-02-022a,[2] PGC 2248[2] | |
The Cartwheel Galaxy (also known as ESO 350-40 or PGC 2248) is a lenticular ring galaxy about 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor.[1] It has a D25 isophotal diameter of 44.23 kiloparsecs (144,300 light-years), and a mass of about 2.9–4.8 × 109 solar masses; its outer ring has a circular velocity of 217 km/s. [5]
It was discovered by Fritz Zwicky in 1941.[6] Zwicky considered his discovery "one of the most complicated structures awaiting its explanation on the basis of stellar dynamics."[6][7]
The Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC3) measured a D25 isophotal diameter for the Cartwheel Galaxy at about 60.9 arcseconds,[4] giving it a diameter of 44.23 kiloparsecs (144,300 light-years) based on a redshift-derived distance of 132.2 megaparsecs (431 million light-years).[5] This diameter is slightly smaller than that of the Andromeda Galaxy.
The large Cartwheel Galaxy is the dominant member of the Cartwheel Galaxy group, consisting of four physically associated spiral galaxies. The three companions are referred to in several studies as G1, the smaller irregular blue Magellanic spiral; G2, the yellow compact spiral with a tidal tail; and G3, a more distant spiral often seen in wide field images.
One supernova has been observed in the Cartwheel Galaxy. SN 2021afdx (type II, mag. 18.8) was discovered by ATLAS on 23 November 2021.[8][9]
- ^ a b Marks, Anastasia (4 August 2022). "The Cartwheel Galaxy Is the Webb Telescope's Latest Cosmic Snapshot – Scientists gained new insights into the distant object, which got its distinctive shape from a collision with another galaxy". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Cartwheel Galaxy. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
- ^ Moore, Patrick (2000). The Data Book of Astronomy. CRC Press. p. 318. ISBN 0-7503-0620-3.
- ^ a b De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; De Vaucouleurs, Antoinette; Corwin, Herold G.; Buta, Ronald J.; Paturel, Georges; Fouque, Pascal (1991). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Bibcode:1991rc3..book.....D.
- ^ a b Amram, P.; Mendes De Oliveira, C.; Boulesteix, J.; Balkowski, C. (1998). "The Hα kinematic of the Cartwheel galaxy". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 330: 881. Bibcode:1998A&A...330..881A.
- ^ a b Zwicky F (1941). in Theodore van Karman Anniversary volume Contribution to Applied Mechanics and Related Subjects. Pasadena, California: California Institute of Technology. p. 137.
- ^ Griv E (Oct 2005). "Origin of the Cartwheel Galaxy: disk instability?". Astrophys. Space Sci. 299 (4): 371–85. Bibcode:2005Ap&SS.299..371G. doi:10.1007/s10509-005-3423-5. S2CID 119586794.
- ^ David Bishop (23 November 2021). "2021afdx". rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- ^ "SN 2021afdx". Transient Name Server. IAU Supernova Working Group. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.