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Cataclasite

Cataclasite under a petrographic microscope. The rock in part of the Malm Formation of the Helvetic nappes; sample found in a landslide near Engelberg in the Swiss Alps.
Thin section image of a cataclasite in both plane polarized light (right) and crossed polarized light (left). Contact between highly fractured wall rock (right) and clast supported cataclasite (left) is outlined in red. This rock is from the San Andreas Fault at Elizabeth Lake, California.

Cataclasite is a cohesive granular fault rock.[1] Comminution, also known as cataclasis, is an important process in forming cataclasites.[2] They fall into the category of cataclastic rocks which are formed through faulting or fracturing in the upper crust.[3] Cataclasites are distinguished from fault gouge, which is incohesive, and fault breccia, which contains coarser fragments.[1]

  1. ^ a b Sibson, R. H. (1977). "Fault rocks and fault mechanisms". Journal of the Geological Society. 133 (3): 191–213. Bibcode:1977JGSoc.133..191S. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.133.3.0191. S2CID 131446805.
  2. ^ Fossen, Haakon (2010). Structural Geology. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51664-8.
  3. ^ Higgins, Michael W. (1971). Cataclastic Rocks (Report). USGS Professional Paper 678. doi:10.3133/pp687.
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