Chinese crime fiction (Chinese: 犯罪小说; pinyin: fànzuì xiǎoshuō) is an umbrella term which generally refers to Sinophone literature concerned with the investigation and punishment of criminal acts. In mainland China the most popular subgenre is "detective fiction" (Chinese: 侦探推理小说; pinyin: zhēntàn tuīlǐ xiǎoshuō; lit. 'detective deduction stories', often abbreviated to 推理小说 tuīlǐ xiǎoshuō or 侦探小说 zhēntàn xiǎoshuō).