Back كلوروكين Arabic كلوروكين ARZ کلروکین AZB Cloroquina Catalan Chlorochin Czech Clorocwin Welsh Chloroquin German Χλωροκίνη Greek Klorokino Esperanto Cloroquina Spanish
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| Pronunciation | /ˈklɔːrəkwiːn/ |
| Trade names | Aralen, other |
| Other names | Chloroquine phosphate |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | 1-2 months |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.175 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H26ClN3 |
| Molar mass | 319.88 g·mol−1 |
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Chloroquine is an antiparasitic medication that treats malaria. It works by increasing the levels of haeme in the blood, a substance toxic to the malarial parasite. This kills the parasite and stops the infection from spreading.[1] Certain types of malaria, resistant strains, and complicated cases typically require different or additional medication.[1] Chloroquine is also occasionally used for amebiasis that is occurring outside the intestines, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus. [1] While it has not been formally studied in pregnancy, it appears safe.[1][2] It was studied to treat COVID-19 early in the pandemic, but these studies were largely halted in the northern summer of 2020, and the NIH does not recommend its use for this purpose.[3] It is taken by mouth.[1]
Common side effects include muscle problems, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and skin rash.[1] Serious side effects include problems with vision, muscle damage, seizures, and low blood cell levels.[1][4] Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline.[1] As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell.[1] How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear.[1]
Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Aralen Phosphate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ "Chloroquine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
There are no controlled data in human pregnancies.
- ^ "Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine". COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ Mittra RA, Mieler WG (2013). "Chapter 89 – Drug Toxicity of the Posterior Segment". Retina (Fifth ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 1532–1554. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-0737-9.00089-8. ISBN 978-1-4557-0737-9. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ Manson P, Cooke G, Zumla A, eds. (2009). Manson's tropical diseases (22nd ed.). [Edinburgh]: Saunders. p. 1240. ISBN 978-1-4160-4470-3. Archived from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- ^ Bhattacharjee M (2016). Chemistry of Antibiotics and Related Drugs. Springer. p. 184. ISBN 978-3-319-40746-3. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.