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Combined Charging System

CCS1 (Combined Charging System Combo 1) plug as used in North America. It is an extension of the J1772 standard AC charging connector.
CCS Combo 1 vehicle inlet showing the J1772 and the two DC fast-charging pins
Connectors: Incomplete Combo 2 (left) showing the two large direct current (DC) pins below, while the four alternating current (AC) pins for neutral and three-phase are removed, while the signal pins of Type 2 remain, compared to IEC Type 2 (right).
Typical Combined Charging System (Combo 2) vehicle inlet
CCS Combo 2 at European Tesla Model 3 vehicle inlet

The Combined Charging System (CCS) is a charging station standard for plug-in electric vehicles that uses the Combo 1 (CCS1) or Combo 2 (CCS2) connectors, which are extensions of the IEC 62196 Type 1 and Type 2 alternating current (AC) connectors, respectively, each with two additional direct current (DC) contacts to allow high-power fast charging. CCS chargers can provide power to electric vehicle batteries at up to 500 kW (max. 1000 V and 500 A),[1] and in response to demands for even faster charging, 400 kW CCS chargers have been deployed by charging networks and 700 kW CCS chargers have been demonstrated.

Electric vehicles and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) are considered CCS-capable if they support either AC or DC charging according to the CCS standards. Manufacturers that support CCS include BMW, Daimler, FCA, Jaguar, Groupe PSA, Honda, Hyundai, Kia, Mazda, MG, Nissan, Polestar, Renault, Rivian, Tesla, Mahindra, Tata Motors and Volkswagen Group,[2][3] as well as Ford and General Motors for their 2024 North American EV models.[4] Chinese automakers such as BYD, Chery and Zeekr also export CCS2 vehicles for their overseas markets.

The CCS standard allows AC charging using the Type 1 and Type 2 connector depending on the geographical region and the charging infrastructure available. This charging environment encompasses charging couplers, charging communication, charging stations, the electric vehicle and various functions for the charging process such as load balancing and charge authorization. Competing charging systems for high-power DC charging include CHAdeMO (widely used in Japan, previously used in North America and Europe),[5] GB/T (China),[6] and the North American Charging System developed by Tesla.[7]

  1. ^ "CCS HPC350 power class-voltage and current range". 2019-10-01. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  2. ^ "Tesla Model 3 could set the charging standard for electric vehicles". Electrek. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  3. ^ "IONIQ Electric - Complete Hyundai Walkthrough Videos On Its 110 Mile EV".
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference electrek20230609 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Gaton, Bryce (December 21, 2022). "Tesla launches new EV charging battle, but the Plug War is already over". The Driven. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  6. ^ Gene (October 16, 2017). "Tesla updates Model S/X charge port to support China's charging standard". TESLARATI. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  7. ^ Bhargava, Hemant; Boehm, Jonas; Parker, Geoffrey G. (27 January 2021). "How Tesla's Charging Stations Left Other Manufacturers in the Dust". Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
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