Decimalisation

Decimalisation or decimalization (see spelling differences) is the conversion of a system of currency or of weights and measures to units related by powers of 10.

Most countries have decimalised their currencies, converting them from non-decimal sub-units to a decimal system, with one basic currency unit and sub-units that are valued relative to the basic unit by a power of 10, most commonly 100 and exceptionally 1000, and sometimes at the same time, changing the name of the currency and/or the conversion rate to the new currency.

Today, only two countries have de jure non-decimal currencies, being Mauritania (where 1 ouguiya = 5 khoums) and Madagascar (where 1 ariary = 5 iraimbilanja): ^[1] however, these currencies are de facto decimal as the value of both currencies' main unit is now so low that the sub-units are too small to be of any practical use, and coins of these sub-units are no longer used.

Russia was the first country to convert to a decimal currency when it decimalised under Tsar Peter the Great in 1704, resulting in the silver ruble being equal to 100 copper kopeks.^{[2][3][page needed]}

For weights and measures, this is also called metrication, replacing traditional units that are related in other ways, such as those formed by successive doubling or halving, or by more arbitrary conversion factors. Units of physical measurement, such as length and mass, were decimalised with the introduction of the metric system, which has been adopted by almost all countries (with the prominent exceptions of the United States, and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom and Canada). Thus, a kilometre is 1000 metres, while a mile is 1,760 yards. Electrical units are decimalised worldwide.

Common units of time remain undecimalised; although an attempt to do so was made during the French Revolution, this proved to be unsuccessful and was quickly abandoned.