Deodoro da Fonseca

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His Excellency Deodoro da Fonseca
Official portrait, 1889
1st President of Brazil
In office 15 November 1889 – 23 November 1891
Vice President	None (1889–1891) Floriano Peixoto (Feb–Nov 1891)
Preceded by	Pedro II (Emperor)
Succeeded by	Floriano Peixoto
President of the Military Club
In office 26 June 1887 – 15 November 1889
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Benjamin Constant
President of Rio Grande do Sul
In office 8 May 1886 – 9 November 1886
Preceded by	Baron of Lucena
Succeeded by	Miguel Calmon
Personal details
Born	(1827-08-05)5 August 1827 Alagoas da Lagoa do Sul, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil
Died	23 August 1892(1892-08-23) (aged 65) Rio de Janeiro, Federal District, Brazil
Political party	Independent
Spouse	Mariana Cecília de Sousa Meireles ​ ​ (m. 1860)​
Relations	Hermes da Fonseca (nephew)
Parent(s)	Manuel Mendes da Fonseca Galvão (father) Rosa Maria Paulina de Barros Cavalcanti (mother)
Alma mater	Praia Vermelha Military School
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Brazil United States of Brazil
Branch/service	Brazilian Army  Brazilian Navy
Years of service	1843–1892
Rank	Generalíssimo (Army) Almirantíssimo (Navy)
Commands	See list 1st Foot Artillery Battalion 24th Volunteer Corps of the Fatherland 1st Mounted Artillery Regiment Commander of Arms of Bahia Commander of Arms of Rio Grande do Sul Army Quartermaster Commander of Arms of Mato Grosso
Battles/wars	Great Siege of Montevideo Praieira Revolt Paraguayan War Battle of Estero Bellaco Battle of Tuyutí Battle of Potrero Obella Battle of Taji Siege of Humaitá Battle of Angostura Battle of Piribebuy Brazilian Naval Revolt
Awards	Order of the Southern Cross

Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐnuˈɛw deoˈdɔɾu da fõˈsekɐ]; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) was a Brazilian politician and military officer who served as the first president of Brazil. He was born in Alagoas in a military family, followed a military career, and became a national figure. Fonseca took office as provisional president after heading a military coup that deposed Emperor Pedro II and established the First Brazilian Republic in 1889, disestablishing the Empire. After his election in 1891, he stepped down the same year under great political pressure when he dissolved the National Congress. He died less than a year later.