Back Document.no NN Document.no NB

Document.no

Document.no
Type of site
Online newspaper
Available inNorwegian
OwnerDocument.no AS
EditorHans Rustad
URLdocument.no
Launched14 January 2003

Document.no is a Norwegian right-wing[1][2] to far-right[7] anti-immigration online newspaper.[8] Academics have identified Document.no as an anti-Muslim[14] website permeated by the Eurabia conspiracy theory,[5][9] although others have described it as a conservative[15][16] and more moderate part of the movement.[17] The website received global media attention in connection with the 2011 Norway attacks due to its association with perpetrator Anders Behring Breivik.[5][18][19]

The articles published in Document.no are often critical towards Islam and immigration,[15][20] and supportive of Israel[21][22] and the United States,[23] as well as Donald Trump and conspiracy theories such as election fraud in the 2020 election.[24] Faktisk.no found Document.no to be part of a far-right echo chamber that simultaneously is one of Norway's most popular online newspapers in social media,[25] and a report on extremism on the Internet published in 2013 by the Ministry of Justice and Public Security described Document.no as an "extremist website."[26] Document.no has been met with mixed reception in media commentary.[32]

Document originally began as a small publishing company.[20][15] The website was launched by Hans Rustad, a former journalist for the news agency NTB[33][34] in 2003, and is owned by the limited company with the same name.[34][35][36] Rustad was admitted to the Association of Norwegian Editors in 2018,[37] and Document.no was granted financial press support from the Norwegian state in 2023.[38]

  1. ^ Mayerhöffer, Eva (2021). "How do Danish right-wing alternative media position themselves against the mainstream? Advancing the study of alternative media structure and content" (PDF). Journalism Studies. 22 (2): 119–136. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2020.1814846. Although some may view the non-membership of professional organizations as a sine qua non of alternative news outlets, the reality is more complicated, as evidenced by the fact that the editor of Norwegian right-wing online news site document.no has recently joined the Norwegian Association of Editors.
  2. ^ Ihlebæk, Karoline Andrea; Figenschou, Tine Ustad (2022). "Inside or outside? Right-wing alternative media and boundary work in the Norwegian journalistic institution". Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning. 63 (4): 241–259. doi:10.18261/tfs.63.4.1. hdl:11250/3064435. Right-wing alternative media, such as Document and Resett, have become known in the Norwegian public for their vocal media criticism and disputed editorial practices.
  3. ^ Figenschou, Tine Ustad; Ihlebæk, Karoline Andrea (4 July 2019). "Challenging Journalistic Authority: Media criticism in far-right alternative media". Journalism Studies. 20 (9). Routledge: 1221–1237. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2018.1500868. ISSN 1461-670X. S2CID 150015621. Retrieved 20 February 2022 – via ResearchGate.
  4. ^ Løvlie, Anders Sundnes; Ihlebæk, Karoline Andrea; Larsson, Anders Olof (22 June 2018). "'Friends call me racist': Experiences of repercussions from writing comments on newspaper websites" (PDF). Journalism. 22 (3). SAGE: 748–766. doi:10.1177/1464884918781794. hdl:11250/2587336. S2CID 52083872. Retrieved 20 February 2022. For the latter three dimensions included in our study, we find significant correlations in our quantitative analysis indicating that those who comment anonymously and those who are skeptical of strict editorial policies tend to experience repercussions more often, as do those who comment on the far-right anti-Islamic news site Document.no - indicating that issue controversy does increase the likelihood of experiencing repercussions.
  5. ^ a b c d Bangstad, Sindre (12 June 2014). Anders Breivik and the Rise of Islamophobia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78360-009-0. Retrieved 20 February 2022 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Shatz, Adam (20 November 2014). "West End Boy". London Review of Books. 36 (22). ISSN 0260-9592. He turned up at a pro-Israel meeting organised by the Friends of Document.no, a far-right website edited by Hans Rustad, a former soixante-huitard who claimed that Muslim men were using sex as a form of warfare, inflicting a 'slow castration' on Western men.
  7. ^ [3][4][5]: 106 [6]
  8. ^ "Skremmende hat". Journalisten (in Norwegian). 23 July 2011. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024.
  9. ^ a b Bergmann, Eirikur (29 April 2021). "The Eurabia conspiracy theory". Europe: Continent of Conspiracies. Routledge. pp. 47–48. doi:10.4324/9781003048640-3. ISBN 978-1-003-04864-0. S2CID 233612661. Retrieved 20 February 2022 – via ResearchGate. Many other examples of violent acts by those who subscribed to the Eurabia and the wider Great Replacement theory exist. I opened the chapter by discussing the terrorist attack of Anders Behring Breivik in Norway. The attack revealed a hidden sub-culture in Norway, simmering underneath on the Internet; a network of racist and Islamophobic groups operating around the country. One of the main forums for these politics was the online platform document.no, where Norwegian racists exchanged their views.
  10. ^ Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (2016). "Social Anthropology and the Shifting Discourses about Immigrants in Norway". Engaged Anthropology: Views from Scandinavia. Springer International. p. 105. ISBN 978-3-319-40484-4. Retrieved 22 October 2020 – via Google Books. In Norway, strongly anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant voices increasingly began to make themselves heard, and they would soon enter the mainstream media. The most influential website devoted to anti-Muslim discourse, document.no, later infamous for being the terrorist Anders Behring Breivik's favorite website, was founded in January 2003.
  11. ^ Gardell, Mattias (January 2014). "Crusader Dreams: Oslo 22/7, Islamophobia, and the Quest for a Monocultural Europe" (PDF). Terrorism and Political Violence. 26 (1). Taylor & Francis: 132. doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.849930. S2CID 144489939. Retrieved 22 October 2020. The day after the attacks, Hans Rustad—editor of the Norwegian anti-Muslim forum document.no where Breivik had been a frequent participant—revealed that "large parts" of 2083 were plagiarized from the Unabomber Manifesto, published in 1995 by anti-modernist and technology critic Ted Kaczynski, who carried out a series of 16 bomb attacks against universities and airline companies. [...] Is the claim correct? Well, not really. Three of 1516 pages are taken from the Unabomber Manifesto, from a section in which Kaczynski decries the left (substituted for multiculturalists by Breivik). The remaining 1513 pages come from elsewhere.
  12. ^ Døving, Cora Alexa (20 February 2020). ""Muslims Are..."". In Hoffmann, Christhard; Moe, Vibeke (eds.). The Shifting Boundaries of Prejudice: Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia in Contemporary Norway. Scandinavian University Press. doi:10.18261/978-82-15-03468-3-2019-09. The most active among the more established anti-Muslim organisations are Stop Islamisation of Norway, Human Rights Service and Document.no.
  13. ^ Ranstorp, Magnus (2013). "'Lone Wolf Terrorism'. The Case of Anders Breivik". Sicherheit und Frieden. 31 (2). Nomos: 89. doi:10.5771/0175-274x-2013-2-87. ISSN 0175-274X. JSTOR 24234145. Øyvind Strømmen argues in his book, Det Mørke Nettet, that it is essential to understand the dangerous undercurrents of counter-jihad movements that flourish on the Internet. It was these chat forums and specialised sites, like 'Gates of Vienna' and Document.no, which steadily nourished Breivik with a constant stream of anti-immigrant, Islamophobic and xenophobic arguments and which provided a ready-tailored and adapted counter-jihad ideological framework.
  14. ^ [5]: 106 [9][10][11][12][13]
  15. ^ a b c Brække, Jonas (22 January 2014). "På vei til Document.no". Klassekampen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Document.no: Konservativt nettmagasin med islam- og innvandringskritisk profil. [Document.no: Conservative online magazine with islam- and immigration-critical profile.]
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference dbbloggere was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Fangen, Katrine; Nilsen, Maria Reite (2021). "Variations within the Norwegian far right: from neo-Nazism to anti-Islamism". Journal of Political Ideologies. 26 (3): 278–297. doi:10.1080/13569317.2020.179634. Other parts of the anti-Islamic movement, as pointed out by Berntzen and Sandberg, include 'several minor and politically autonomous organizations'. They distinguish between the populist and radical elements of the movement, with SIAN, which is one of the organizations we study, as an example of one of the more extreme organizations, and the alternative media website document.no as an example of a more moderate part of the movement.
  18. ^ Anda, Liss Goril. "Attacks strike at Norway's values". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  19. ^ Ward, Andrew; Wigglesworth, Robin (25 July 2011). "Killings sure to stir immigration debate". Financial Times.
  20. ^ a b c Akerhaug, Lars (7 January 2014). "Fortsatt kontrær". Minerva (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2015.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference aftenposten-document was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Lillebø, Sandra (26 August 2006). "Samles mot islam". Klassekampen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 2 February 2025. Israel-vennen Hans Rustad [Israel-friend Hans Rustad]
  23. ^ Bangstad, Sindre (2016). "Norwegian Right-Wing Discourses: Extremism Post-Utøya". In Pratt, Douglas; Woodlock, Rachel (eds.). Fear of Muslims?: International Perspectives on Islamophobia. Springer International. pp. 243–244. ISBN 978-3-319-29698-2. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  24. ^ Brække, Jonas (4 February 2021). "Rustad splitter redaktørene". Klassekampen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 14 February 2021.
  25. ^ Dahlback, Morten Langfeldt (17 June 2021). "Her er ekkokammeret". Faktisk.no. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference Sunde was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Rehman, Shakeel (20 December 2013). "«Document er ikke rasister»". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 23 December 2013.
  28. ^ Castello, Claudio (22 December 2013). "– Ikke rasister". Utrop (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2021.
  29. ^ Stavrum, Gunnar (18 December 2013). "Document.no - elsket og hatet". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 21 December 2013.
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference aften was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ Cite error: The named reference Klasskmp2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ [27][28][29][30][31][20]
  33. ^ Zakariassen, Gaute; Grafsrønningen, Mari (4 April 2017). "Vi, de upålitelige". NRK (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. I en årrekke jobbet han selv som journalist for nyhetsbyrået NTB [For several years, he himself worked as a journalist for the news agency NTB]
  34. ^ a b Nordgaard, Tor-Bjørn (21 December 2010). "- En ikke-representativ elite domminerer nyhetsbildet". Norge Idag (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 2 February 2025. Etter 13 år i NTB måtte Rustad gå nye veier. [After 13 years in NTB, Rustad had to walk new roads.]
  35. ^ "Slåss videre mot flerkulturelt Stiklestad". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
  36. ^ "Vil ta friheten i forsvar". Klassekampen. 6 May 2006. Archived from the original on 19 December 2012.
  37. ^ "Document.no-redaktøren får være med i Redaktørforeningen". Journalisten (in Norwegian). NTB. 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023.
  38. ^ "Document får nær tre millioner kroner i pressestøtte". NRK (in Norwegian). NTB. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023.
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