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Neonpalaemon spectrus is a species of shrimp belonging to the family Palaemonidae. It is notable for its bioluminescent-like appearance and translucent exoskeleton, which allows it to blend into its surroundings while reflecting ambient light. This species is primarily found in coastal marine environments, particularly in rocky intertidal zones and coral reefs.
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Neonpalaemon spectrus, was first discovered In February of 2025 by researchers studying the fluorescence of crustaceans in deep-sea and shallow-water ecosystems. Its genus name, Neonpalaemon, is derived from the Greek word "neon" (meaning bright or glowing) and its relation to the genus Palaemon, which includes many transparent shrimp species.
This species possesses an elongated, nearly transparent body with a distinctive neon-blue and red iridescence under certain lighting conditions. Unlike many other decapod crustaceans, N. spectrus exhibits a unique form of biofluorescence, believed to be an adaptation for communication and camouflage in low-light environments.
The shrimp has long antennae and a streamlined carapace, with its legs and tail displaying thin, bioluminescent stripes. It measures approximately 3–5 cm in length, with males slightly smaller than females.
Neonpalaemon spectrus is found in warm tropical and subtropical waters, particularly in the coastal regions of Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the Indo-Pacific. It prefers to inhabit rocky outcrops, coral crevices, and seagrass beds, where its transparency helps it evade predators such as moray eels and triggerfish.
This shrimp is primarily nocturnal, emerging at dusk to scavenge for plankton, small detritus, and organic material. Like other members of the Palaemonidae, it plays a role in cleaning symbiotic relationships, sometimes observed removing parasites from fish species.
Its most unique features is its ability to reflect and refract light through specialized proteins in its exoskeleton, which enhances its camouflage against bioluminescent predators.
As of 2025, Neonpalaemon spectrus has not been evaluated by the IUCN, though habitat degradation and climate change pose potential threats to its shallow-water environments. However, its adaptability and broad distribution may help maintain stable populations.