Dubul' ibhunu

"Dubul' ibhunu" (Xhosa: [dəbʊliːbuːnuː]), translated as shoot the Boer,^[1] kill the Boer^[2] or kill the farmer,^[3][4] is a controversial South African anti-Apartheid song. It is sung in Xhosa or Zulu. The song originates in the struggle against apartheid when it was first sung to protest the Afrikaner-dominated apartheid government of South Africa.^[5] Following a ruling by the South African Gauteng High Court in 2010,^[6] the song was ruled as hate speech, but this ruling was overturned in 2022 by the High Court in Johannesburg, who ruled that "Kill the Boer – Kill the farmer" was neither hate speech nor an incitement to violence.^[7][8]

Supporters of the song see it as a song that articulates an important part of South Africa's history,^[9][10] and is an important part of political discourse,^[11][12] and that its meaning has been misconstrued as advocating killing Boers or farmers.^[13] Opponents of the song argue that it can be seen to bear a literal interpretation^{[5][14][15][16]} and therefore constitutes an incitement to violence and hate speech.^[5][17] Social and political commentators on South Africa, such as Jonathan Jansen^[18][19] and Stephen Grootes,^[20] have noted the song's risk of increasing racial divisions within South Africa^[21][22] and polarisation, whilst strengthening radicals on either side of the country's political spectrum.^[20]