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Edinburgh
Dùn Èideann (Scottish Gaelic) | |
|---|---|
Skyline of Central Edinburgh, with the Dugald Stewart Monument (forefront) and Edinburgh Castle (background) | |
 Flag | |
Nicknames:
| |
| Motto(s): | |
 Edinburgh shown within Scotland | |
  Edinburgh Location within the United Kingdom | |
| Coordinates: 55°57′N 3°11′W / 55.950°N 3.183°W | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | Scotland |
| Founded | Before 7th century AD |
| Burgh charter | 1124 |
| City status | 1633 |
| Unitary authority | 1 April 1996 |
| Administrative HQ | Edinburgh City Chambers |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council |
| • Body | The City of Edinburgh Council |
| • Control | No overall control |
| • MPs | 5 MPs
|
| • MSPs | 6 MSPs |
| Area | |
• Total | 102 sq mi (263 km2) |
| • Rank | 23rd |
| Population (2022)[2] | |
• Total | 514,990 |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| • Density | 5,060/sq mi (1,955/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (BST) |
| Postcode areas | EH1–17, EH28–30 |
| Dialling codes | 0131 |
| ISO 3166 code | GB-EDH |
| GSS code | S12000036 |
| Website | www |
| Official name | Old and New Towns of Edinburgh |
| Criteria | Cultural: ii, iv |
| Reference | 728 |
| Inscription | 1995 (19th Session) |
| Official name | The Forth Bridge |
| Criteria | Cultural: i, iv |
| Reference | 1485 |
| Inscription | 2015 (39th Session) |
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| Edinburgh |
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Edinburgh[a] is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh had a population of 506,520 in 2020,[6] making it the second-most populous city in Scotland and the seventh-most populous in the United Kingdom. The wider metropolitan area had a population of 912,490 in the same year.[7]
Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament, the highest courts in Scotland, and the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the official residence of the monarch in Scotland. It is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scottish law, literature, philosophy, the sciences and engineering. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582 and now one of three in the city, is considered one of the best research institutions in the world. The financial centre of Scotland, Edinburgh is the second-largest financial centre in the United Kingdom, the fourth largest in Europe, and the thirteenth largest internationally.[8]
The city is a cultural centre, and is the home of institutions including the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery.[9] The city is also known for the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe, the latter being the world's largest annual international arts festival. Historic sites in Edinburgh include Edinburgh Castle, the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the churches of St. Giles, Greyfriars and the Canongate, and the extensive Georgian New Town built in the 18th/19th centuries. Edinburgh's Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[10] which has been managed by Edinburgh World Heritage since 1999. The city's historical and cultural attractions have made it the UK's second-most visited tourist destination, attracting 4.9 million visits, including 2.4 million from overseas in 2018.[11][12]
Edinburgh is governed by the City of Edinburgh Council, a unitary authority. The City of Edinburgh council area had an estimated population of 514,990 in 2022,[2] and includes outlying towns and villages which are not part of Edinburgh proper. The city is in the Lothian region and was historically part of the shire of Midlothian (also called Edinburghshire).
- ^ "Council and Committees". The City of Edinburgh Council. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ a b c "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Definition of Edinburgh in Oxford dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation and origin of the word". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2013. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
- ^ "edinburgh – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes". Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ "the definition of Edinburgh". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ "Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs". OECD Data Explorer. OECD.
- ^ "Edinburgh 4th In Europe In New Financial Centres Index". Scottish Financial Review. 25 September 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2023: Top global universities". Topuniversities.com. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Edinburgh-World Heritage Site". VisitScotland. Archived from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
- ^ Invest in Edinburgh. "Financial Services". Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ "Edinburgh by Numbers 2019". www.edinburgh.gov.uk. City of Edinburgh Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
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