Back آثار الاحتباس الحراري على صحة الإنسان Arabic Folgen der globalen Erwärmung für die Gesundheit German Efectos del calentamiento global en la salud humana Spanish Effets du changement climatique sur la santé humaine French Կլիմայի փոփոխության ազդեցությունը մարդու առողջության վրա Armenian Efek pemanasan global pada kesehatan manusia ID Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na ahụike mmadụ IG 기후변화가 인류보건에 미치는 영향 Korean د انسانانو په روغتیا باندې د اقلیمي بدلون اغېزې Pashto/Pushto Hälsoeffekter av den globala uppvärmningen Swedish

Effects of climate change on human health

Example of impacts on health: Heat stroke treatment at Baton Rouge during the 2016 Louisiana floods. Climate change is making heat waves more intense, potentially leading to a higher risk of heat stroke.

The effects of climate change on human health are profound because they increase heat-related illnesses and deaths, respiratory diseases, and the spread of infectious diseases. There is widespread agreement among researchers, health professionals and organizations that climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century.[1][2]

Rising temperatures and changes in weather patterns are increasing the severity of heat waves, extreme weather and other causes of illness, injury or death. Heat waves and extreme weather events have a big impact on health both directly and indirectly. When people are exposed to higher temperatures for longer time periods they might experience heat illness and heat-related death.[3]

In addition to direct impacts, climate change and extreme weather events cause changes in the biosphere. Climate change will impact where infectious diseases are able to spread in the future. Many infectious diseases will spread to new geographic areas where people have not previously been exposed to them.[4][5] Certain diseases that are carried and spread by living hosts such as mosquitoes and ticks (known as vectors) may become more common in some regions. Affected diseases include dengue fever and malaria.[3] Contracting waterborne diseases such as diarrhoeal disease will also be more likely.[6]

Changes in climate can cause decreasing yields for some crops and regions, resulting in higher food prices, less available food, and undernutrition. Climate change can also reduce access to clean and safe water supply. Extreme weather and its health impact can also threaten the livelihoods and economic stability of people. These factors together can lead to increasing poverty, human migration, violent conflict, and mental health issues.[7][8]

Climate change affects human health at all ages, from infancy through adolescence, adulthood and old age.[3] Factors such as age, gender and socioeconomic status influence to what extent these effects become wide-spread risks to human health.[9]: 1867  Some groups are more vulnerable than others to the health effects of climate change. These include children, the elderly, outdoor workers and disadvantaged people.[3]: 15 

  1. ^ Atwoli, Lukoye; Baqui, Abdullah H; Benfield, Thomas; Bosurgi, Raffaella; Godlee, Fiona; Hancocks, Stephen; Horton, Richard; Laybourn-Langton, Laurie; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto; Norman, Ian; Patrick, Kirsten; Praities, Nigel; Olde Rikkert, Marcel G M; Rubin, Eric J; Sahni, Peush (2021-09-04). "Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health". The Lancet. 398 (10304): 939–941. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01915-2. PMC 8428481. PMID 34496267.
  2. ^ "WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change – Sign the call". World Health Organization. 2015. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
  3. ^ a b c d Romanello, Marina; McGushin, Alice; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Hughes, Nick; Jamart, Louis; et al. (October 2021). "The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future" (PDF). The Lancet. 398 (10311): 1619–1662. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6. hdl:10278/3746207. PMC 7616807. PMID 34687662. S2CID 239046862.
  4. ^ Baker, Rachel E.; Mahmud, Ayesha S.; Miller, Ian F.; Rajeev, Malavika; Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa; Rice, Benjamin L.; et al. (April 2022). "Infectious disease in an era of global change". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 20 (4): 193–205. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z. ISSN 1740-1534. PMC 8513385. PMID 34646006.
  5. ^ Wilson, Mary E. (2010). "Geography of infectious diseases". Infectious Diseases: 1055–1064. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-04579-7.00101-5. ISBN 978-0-323-04579-7. PMC 7152081.
  6. ^ Levy, Karen; Smith, Shanon M.; Carlton, Elizabeth J. (2018). "Climate Change Impacts on Waterborne Diseases: Moving Toward Designing Interventions". Current Environmental Health Reports. 5 (2): 272–282. Bibcode:2018CEHR....5..272L. doi:10.1007/s40572-018-0199-7. ISSN 2196-5412. PMC 6119235. PMID 29721700.
  7. ^ Watts, Nick; Amann, Markus; Arnell, Nigel; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; Belesova, Kristine; Boykoff, Maxwell; et al. (16 November 2019). "The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate" (PDF). The Lancet. 394 (10211): 1836–1878. Bibcode:2019Lanc..394.1836W. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6. PMC 7616843. PMID 31733928. S2CID 207976337.
  8. ^ Romanello, Marina; McGushin, Alice; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Hughes, Nick; Jamart, Louis; et al. (October 2021). "The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future" (PDF). The Lancet. 398 (10311): 1619–1662. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6. hdl:10278/3746207. PMC 7616807. PMID 34687662. S2CID 239046862.
  9. ^ Watts, Nick; Adger, W Neil; Agnolucci, Paolo; Blackstock, Jason; Byass, Peter; Cai, Wenjia; et al. (2015). "Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health". The Lancet. 386 (10006): 1861–1914. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6. hdl:10871/17695. PMID 26111439. S2CID 205979317.
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