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By 1965, Bob Dylan was the leading songwriter of the American folk music revival.[a 1] That year, he began recording and performing with electric instruments, generating controversy in the folk music community.
The response to his albums The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan and The Times They Are a-Changin' led the media to label him the "spokesman of a generation".[1] In March 1965, Dylan released his fifth album, Bringing It All Back Home. Side one features him backed by a rock band, while side two features him accompanying himself on acoustic guitar. On July 20, 1965, he released his single "Like a Rolling Stone" featuring a more fully integrated folk rock sound. On July 25, 1965, he performed his first concert with electric instruments at the Newport Folk Festival, joined on piano/organ by Barry Goldberg and three members of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band: guitarist Mike Bloomfield, bassist Jerome Arnold and drummer Sam Lay, and also with Al Kooper playing keyboards on "Like a Rolling Stone".[2] Some sections of the audience booed the performance. Members of the folk movement, including Irwin Silber[a 2] and Ewan MacColl,[3] criticized him for moving away from political songwriting and for performing with a rock band. Dylan continued his trend towards rock music on his next two albums, Highway 61 Revisited (1965) and Blonde on Blonde (1966).
On subsequent tours throughout 1965 and 1966, his electric sets (now backed by the Hawks) were often met with derision from the audience. Crowds became particularly acrimonious during a British tour, including an oft-cited incident in Manchester, where a member of the crowd shouted "Judas!" at Dylan. Shows from this tour have been documented in several Dylan documentaries, including 2005's No Direction Home. Over time, Dylan continued to evolve musically, turning to country music on Nashville Skyline (1969), and drifting through numerous styles throughout the rest of his career. Retrospectively, his electric period has come to be recognized by critics and fans as producing some of his best music, and his controversial performance at Newport has been considered a pivotal moment in the development of folk rock.[4][5]
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- ^ Miller 1981, p. 220
- ^ Goldberg, Barry; Epstein, Dan (July 24, 2022). "I was up onstage with Bob Dylan at Newport the night he went electric". forward.com.
- ^ Shelton 2003, p. 313
- ^ McCleary, John Bassett (2004). Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s. Ten Speed Press. p. 186. ISBN 1-58008-547-4.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie (2002). Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-Rock Revolution. Backbeat Books. p. 1. ISBN 0-87930-703-X.