Back أكسيد الإيثيلين Arabic Etilenoksid Azerbaijani اتیلن اوکساید AZB Òxid d'etilè Catalan Ethylenoxid Czech Ethylenoxid Danish Ethylenoxid German Οξιράνιο Greek Óxido de etileno Spanish Etüleenoksiid Estonian
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Oxirane[1] | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Epoxyethane Oxacyclopropane | |||
| Other names
Ethylene oxide
Dimethylene oxide 1,2-Epoxyethane [3]-crown-1 Epoxide | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| Abbreviations | EO, EtO | ||
| 102378 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.773 | ||
| EC Number |
| ||
| 676 | |||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Ethylene+Oxide | ||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1040 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| C2H4O | |||
| Molar mass | 44.052 g·mol−1[2] | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Like diethyl ether[3] | ||
| Density | 0.8821 g·cm−3[2] | ||
| Melting point | −112.46 °C (−170.43 °F; 160.69 K)[2] | ||
| Boiling point | 10.4 °C (50.7 °F; 283.5 K)[2] | ||
| Miscible | |||
| Vapor pressure | 1.46 atm (20 °C)[4] | ||
| −30.5·10−6 cm3/mol[5] | |||
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.3597 (589 nm)[2] | ||
| 1.94 D[6] | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
|
47.9 J·mol−1·K−1[7] | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
242.5 J·mol−1·K−1[7] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−52.6 kJ·mol−1[7] | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
|
−13.0 kJ·mol−1[7] | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
|
Carcinogen Extremely flammable | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
  
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| H220, H230, H301, H314, H331, H335, H336, H340, H350, H360FD, H372 | |||
| P202, P210, P260, P280, P301+P310+P330, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338+P310, P410+P403[8] | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K)[6] | ||
| 429 °C (804 °F; 702 K)[6] | |||
| Explosive limits | 3 to 100% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration)
|
836 ppm (mouse, 4 hr) 4000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 800 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 819 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr) 1460 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 835 ppm (mouse, 4 hr) 960 ppm (dog, 4 hr)[9] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 1 ppm 5 ppm [15-minute excursion][4] | ||
REL (Recommended)
|
Ca TWA <0.1 ppm (0.18 mg/m3) C 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) [10-min/day][4] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
Ca [800 ppm][4] | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0155 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related heterocycles
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Aziridine, Thiirane, Borirane | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C2H4O. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of a silver catalyst.
The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also makes it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a very flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas.[10]
Ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes.[11] It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons;[12][13] therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.[10][14]
- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 714. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
- ^ a b c d e Haynes, p. 3.430
- ^ Ethylene oxide, odor
- ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0275". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Haynes, p. 3.576
- ^ a b c Haynes, p. 15.20
- ^ a b c d Haynes, p. 5.22
- ^ "Ethylene oxide 387614". Sigma-Aldrich. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020. Alt URL
- ^ "Ethylene oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_117.
- ^ McKetta, John J.; Cunningham, William A. (1984). Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. Vol. 20. CRC Press. p. 309. ISBN 0-8247-2470-4.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
e1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
e2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ethylene Oxide Sterilization: Are ETO Treated Spices Safe?, SuperFoodly, 10 April 2017