Back يوريال فيروكس ARZ Euryale ferox AST Qorxunc evrial Azerbaijani মাখনা Bengali/Bangla Euryale ferox CEB Leknínec hrozivý Czech Euryale ferox German Euryale ferox Spanish نیلوفر آبی روباه Persian Euryale ferox French
| Euryale ferox | |
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| Flowering Euryale ferox cultivated in the Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem | |
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| Botanical illustration of Euryale ferox from Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1812). | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Euryale Salisb. |
| Species: | E. ferox
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| Binomial name | |
| Euryale ferox | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Euryale ferox, commonly known as prickly waterlily,[3] makhana, or Gorgon plant, is a species of water lily found in southern and eastern Asia, and the only extant member of the genus Euryale. The edible seeds, called fox nuts or makhana, are dried,[a] and eaten predominantly in Asia.
The plant is cultivated for its seeds in lowland ponds in India, China, and Japan. The Indian state of Bihar produces 90% of the world's fox nuts. The Chinese have cultivated the plant for centuries. In India, more than 96,000 hectares of Bihar were set aside for cultivation of Euryale in 1990–1991. In the northern and western parts of India, the seeds are often roasted or fried, which causes them to pop like popcorn.
- ^ Zhuang, X. 2011. Euryale ferox. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T168756A6535154. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T168756A6535154.en. Accessed on 03 August 2023.
- ^ "Euryale ferox Salisb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ Lee, Sangtae; Chang, Kae Sun, eds. (2015). English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. p. 466. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Retrieved 7 March 2019 – via Korea Forest Service.
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