Francis Nicholson

Lieutenant-General Francis Nicholson
Alleged portrait of Francis Nicholson. There are no known authentic portraits of Nicholson.
21st Governor of South Carolina
In office 1721–1725
Monarch	George I
Preceded by	James Moore Jr.
Succeeded by	Arthur Middleton (acting)
Governor of Nova Scotia
In office 1712–1715
Monarchs	Anne George I
Preceded by	Samuel Vetch
Succeeded by	Samuel Vetch
Governor of Virginia
In office 1698–1705
Monarchs	William III Anne
Preceded by	George Hamilton
Succeeded by	Edward Nott
7th Royal Governor of Maryland
In office 1694–1698
Monarch	William III
Preceded by	Thomas Lawrence
Succeeded by	Nathaniel Blakiston
Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
In office 1690–1692
Monarchs	William III and Mary II
Preceded by	Nathaniel Bacon (acting)
Succeeded by	Sir Edmund Andros
Lieutenant Governor of the Dominion of New England
In office 1688–1689
Monarchs	James II William III and Mary II
Personal details
Born	12 November 1655 Downholme, Yorkshire, England
Died	5/16 March 1727/28 London, England
Resting place	St George's Hanover Square Church
Profession	Military officer, official
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Great Britain
Branch/service	British Army
Years of service	1680-1727/28
Rank	Lieutenant-General
Battles/wars	Monmouth Rebellion War of the Spanish Succession Queen Anne's War Siege of Port Royal

Lieutenant-General Francis Nicholson (12 November 1655 – 16 March 1728 [O.S. 5 March 1727])^[1] was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of South Carolina from 1721 to 1725. He previously was the Governor of Nova Scotia from 1712 to 1715, the Governor of Virginia from 1698 to 1705, the Governor of Maryland from 1694 to 1698, the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1690 to 1692, and the Lieutenant Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1688 to 1689.

Nicholson's military service included time in Africa and Europe, after which he was sent to North America as leader of the troops supporting Governor, Sir Edmund Andros in the Dominion of New England. There he distinguished himself, and was appointed lieutenant governor of the Dominion in 1688. After news of the Glorious Revolution and the overthrow of King James II reached the colonies in 1689, Andros was himself overthrown in the Boston Revolt. Nicholson himself was soon caught up in the civil unrest from Leisler's Rebellion in New York Town, and afterwards fled to England.

Nicholson next served as lieutenant governor or governor of the colonial Provinces of Virginia and Maryland. He supported the founding of the College of William and Mary, at Williamsburg, Virginia, and quarreled with Andros after Andros was selected over him as Governor of Virginia. In 1709, he became involved in colonial military actions during Queen Anne's War (1702-1713, War of the Spanish Succession in Europe), leading an aborted expedition against the French in New France (modern Canada). He then led the expedition that successfully captured Port Royal, Acadia on 2 October 1710. Afterward he served as governor of Nova Scotia and Placentia, and was the first royal governor of the colonial Province of South Carolina following a rebellion against its proprietors. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant-General, and died a bachelor in London, England, in 1728.

Nicholson supported public education in the colonies, and was a member of both the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts and the Royal Society. He also influenced American architecture, being responsible for the planned layout and design of colonial/provincial capitals of Annapolis, Maryland and Williamsburg, Virginia. He was one of the earliest advocates of colonial union, principally for reasons of defense against common enemies.