Back جهاز غليمفاوي Arabic Glymphatisches System German Sistema glinfático Spanish Système glymphatique French Sistema glinfatico Italian Глимфатичен систем Macedonian Układ glimfatyczny Polish Глимфатическая система Russian گليمفيٽڪ سسٽم Sindhi 膠狀淋巴系統 Chinese
 | This article needs to be updated. (January 2025) |
| Glymphatic system | |
|---|---|
Mammalian glymphatic system | |
| Identifiers | |
| MeSH | D000077502 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The glymphatic system, glymphatic clearance pathway or paravascular system is an organ system for metabolic waste removal in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. According to this model, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an ultrafiltrated plasma fluid secreted by choroid plexuses in the cerebral ventricles, flows into the paravascular space around cerebral arteries, contacts and mixes with interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes within the brain parenchyma, and exits via the cerebral venous paravascular spaces back into the subarachnoid space.[1] The pathway consists of a para-arterial influx mechanism for CSF driven primarily by arterial pulsation,[2] which "massages" the low-pressure CSF into the denser brain parenchyma, and the CSF flow is regulated during sleep by changes in parenchyma resistance due to expansion and contraction of the extracellular space. Clearance of soluble proteins, metabolites and excess extracellular fluid is accomplished through convective bulk flow of ISF, facilitated by astrocytic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels.[3]
The name "glymphatic system" was coined by the Danish neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard in recognition of its dependence upon glial cells and the similarity of its functions to those of the peripheral lymphatic system.[4]
- ^ Bacyinski A, Xu M, Wang W, Hu J (2017). "The Paravascular Pathway for Brain Waste Clearance: Current Understanding, Significance and Controversy". Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 11: 101. doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00101. PMC 5681909. PMID 29163074.
- ^ Kiviniemi V, Wang X, Korhonen V, Keinänen T, Tuovinen T, Autio J, et al. (June 2016). "Ultra-fast magnetic resonance encephalography of physiological brain activity - Glymphatic pulsation mechanisms?". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 36 (6): 1033–45. doi:10.1177/0271678X15622047. PMC 4908626. PMID 26690495.
- ^ Bohr T, Hjorth PG, Holst SC, Hrabětová S, Kiviniemi V, Lilius T, Lundgaard I, Mardal KA, Martens EA, Mori Y, Nägerl UV, Nicholson C, Tannenbaum A, Thomas JH, Tithof J, Benveniste H, Iliff JJ, Kelley DH, Nedergaard M (September 2022). "The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling". iScience. 25 (9): 104987. Bibcode:2022iSci...25j4987B. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104987. PMC 9460186. PMID 36093063.
- ^ Konnikova M (11 January 2014). "Goodnight. Sleep Clean". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
She called it the glymphatic system, a nod to its dependence on glial cells