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 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with Glossary of comics terminology. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2025. |
A Graphic novel is a self-contained, book-length form of sequential art. Some would have its use restricted only to long-form narratives, while others use it as a synonym for "comics" or "comic book".[1][2][3] Others again define it as a book with a square-bound spine, even if it is a collection of short stories.[4]
The term graphic novel is often applied broadly, including fiction, non-fiction, and anthologized work, though this practice is highly contested by comics scholars and industry professionals. It is, at least in the United States, typically distinct from the term comic book, which is generally used for comics periodicals and trade paperbacks.[5][6] Most authors have used the term to distance their work from the negative connotations the terms "comic" or "comic book" have for the public, or to give their work an "elevated air". Other than in presentation and intent, graphic novels hardly differ from comic books.[7]
Fan historian Richard Kyle coined the term graphic novel in an essay in the November 1964 issue of the comics fanzine Capa-Alpha.[8][9] The term gained popularity in the comics community after the publication of Will Eisner's A Contract with God (1978) and the start of the Marvel Graphic Novel line (1982) and became familiar to the public in the late 1980s after the commercial successes of the first volume of Art Spiegelman's Maus in 1986, the collected editions of Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns in 1986 and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' Watchmen in 1987. The Book Industry Study Group began using graphic novel as a category in book stores in 2001.[10]
- ^ Markstein 2010.
- ^ Weiner & Weiner 2010, p. 227.
- ^ Semley, John (October 21, 2011). "Interview: Brooke Gladstone". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
- ^ Abel, Jessica (2002). "What is a 'Graphic Novel'?". Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ^ Phoenix, Jack (2020). Maximizing the Impact of Comics in Your Library: Graphic Novels, Manga, and More. Santa Barbara, California: Libraries Unlimited. pp. 4–12. ISBN 978-1-4408-6886-3. OCLC 1141029685.
- ^ Kelley, Jason (November 16, 2020). "What's The Difference Between Graphic Novels and Trade Paperbacks?". How To Love Comics. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ^ Duncan & Smith 2009, p. 4.
- ^ Schelly, Bill (2010). Founders of Comic Fandom: Profiles of 90 Publishers, Dealers, Collectors, Writers, Artists and Other Luminaries of the 1950s and 1960s. McFarland. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7864-5762-5.
- ^ Madden, David; Bane, Charles; Flory, Sean M. (2006). A Primer of the Novel: For Readers and Writers. Scarecrow Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4616-5597-8.
- ^ "BISAC Subject Headings List, Comics and Graphic Novels". Book Industry Study Group. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved July 9, 2015.