Back انتفاضة غوانغجو Arabic গোয়াংজু অভ্যুত্থান Bengali/Bangla Protestes de Gwangju Catalan Povstání v Kwangdžu Czech Gwangju-Aufstand German Εξέγερση της Γκουάνγκτζου Greek Kŭangĵua Demokratia Movado Esperanto Masacre de Gwangju Spanish Gwangju ülestõus Estonian Gwangjuko Sarraskia Basque
| Gwangju Democracy Movement | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Minjung movement | |||
 Memorial Hall in the May 18th National Cemetery in Gwangju where victims' bodies were buried | |||
| Date | 18 May 1980 – 27 May 1980 | ||
| Location | |||
| Caused by |
| ||
| Goals | Democratization
| ||
| Methods | |||
| Resulted in | Uprising suppressed
| ||
| Parties | |||
| |||
| Lead figures | |||
Decentralized leadership, South Jeolla Province governance | |||
| Units involved | |||
Initially: Unknown | |||
| Number | |||
| |||
| Casualties and losses | |||
| |||
| Up to 600–2,300 killed; see casualties section. | |||
The Gwangju Uprising, also known in South Korea as May 18 (Korean: 오일팔; Hanja: 五一八; RR: Oilpal; lit. Five One Eight),[b] was a series of student-led demonstrations that took place in Gwangju, South Korea, in May 1980, against the coup of Chun Doo-hwan. The uprising was violently suppressed by the South Korean military with the approval and logistical support of the United States under the Carter administration, which feared the uprising might spread to other cities and tempt North Korea to interfere.[9]
Prior to the uprising, at the end of 1979, the coup d'état of May Seventeenth resulted in the installation of Chun Doo-hwan as military dictator and the implementation of martial law. Following his ascent to power, Chun arrested opposition leaders, closed all universities, banned political activities, and suppressed the press.
The uprising began when Chonnam National University students demonstrating against martial law were fired upon, killed, beaten and tortured by the South Korean military.[10][11][12] Some Gwangju citizens took up arms and formed militias, raiding local police stations and armories, and were able to take control of large sections of the city before soldiers re-entered the city and suppressed the uprising. While the South Korean government claimed 165 people were killed in the massacre, scholarship on the massacre today estimates 600 to 2,300 victims.[13] Under the military dictatorship of Chun, the South Korean government labelled the uprising as a "riot" and claimed that it was being instigated by "communist sympathizers and rioters" acting under the behest of the North Korean government.[14][15]
In 1997, 18 May was established as a national day of commemoration for the massacre and a national cemetery for the victims was established.[16] Later investigations confirmed the various atrocities that had been committed by the army. In 2011, the documents of Gwangju Uprising were listed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. In contemporary South Korean politics, denial of the Gwangju Massacre is commonly espoused by conservative and far-right groups.[17][18]
- ^ 유승용 (12 April 2023). "[영상채록 5·18] "오월 광주엔 민주경찰 있었다"…아들 안호재가 말하는 故안병하 치안감". KBS (in Korean).
- ^ "Chun Doo-hwan arrived in Gwangju by helicopter before troops opened fire on civilians". Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
- ^ "38 years later, nobody convicted for the murder of civilians during Gwangju Massacre of 1980". Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- ^ Embassy of the United States in Seoul. "South Korea Current Issues > Backgrounder". Archived from the original on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
- ^ "Human Rights Documentary Heritage 1980 Archives for the May 18th Democratic Uprising against Military Regime, in Gwangju, Republic of Korea". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "Scars still raw 40 years after dictator crushed South Korea uprising". South China Morning Post. Agence France-Presse. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Seymour, Tom (29 March 2021). "South Korea confronts legacy of 1980 massacre at this year's Gwangju Biennale". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Gallo, William (27 May 2020). "As South Koreans Reexamine a 1980 Massacre, Some Ask US to Do the Same". VOA. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ "2 Days in May That Shattered Korean Democracy". The Nation. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Gwangju apology: South Korea sorry for 'rape and torture' by troops". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Sallie Yea, "Rewriting Rebellion and Mapping Memory in South Korea: The (Re)presentation of the 1980 Kwangju Uprising through Mangwol-dong Cemetery," Urban Studies, Vol. 39, no. 9, (2002): 1556–1557
- ^ Patricia Ebrey et al., "East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History (Second Edition)" United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning (2009): 500
- ^ 5월단체, "5.18 관련 사망자 606명" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 13 May 2005. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
- ^ "TV shows tarnish Gwangju history," Joong Ang Daily, 21 May 2013: http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2971886 Archived 9 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Martin, Bradley K. (18 May 2021). "Gwangju massacre deniers still seek comfort in North plot". Asia Times. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ May, The Triumph of Democracy. Ed. Shin Bok-jin, Hwang Chong-gun, Kim Jun-tae, Na Kyung-taek, Kim Nyung-man, Ko Myung-jin. Gwangju: May 18 Memorial Foundation, 2004. p. 275.
- ^ Sallie Yea, "Rewriting Rebellion and Mapping Memory in South Korea: The (Re)presentation of the 1980 Kwangju Uprising through Mangwol-dong Cemetery," Urban Studies, Vol. 39, no. 9, (2002): 1556
- ^ "Dying for democracy: 1980 Gwangju uprising transformed South Korea," The Japan Times, 17 May 2014: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/05/17/asia-pacific/politics-diplomacy-asia-pacific/dying-democracy-1980-gwangju-uprising-transformed-south-korea/#.U-SllvldWZg Archived 11 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
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