Back Harappa Afrikaans هارابا Arabic هارابا ARZ হৰপ্পা Assamese Харапа Byelorussian Харапа Bulgarian হরপ্পা Bengali/Bangla Harappa Catalan Хараппа CE Harappa Czech
 A view of Harappa's Granary and Great Hall | |
.svg)  Location in Punjab (Pakistan)  Location in Pakistan  Location in South Asia | |
| Location | Sahiwal District, Punjab, Pakistan |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 30°37′44″N 72°51′50″E / 30.62889°N 72.86389°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| Area | 150 ha (370 acres) |
| History | |
| Periods | Harappa 1 to Harappa 5 |
| Cultures | Indus Valley Civilisation |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Ruined |
| Ownership | Public |
| Management | Government of the Punjab (Directorate General of Archaeology) |
| Public access | Yes |
Harappa (Punjabi pronunciation: [ɦəɽəˈpaː]) is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 kilometres (15 miles) west of Sahiwal, that takes its name from a modern village near the former course of the Ravi River, which now runs eight kilometres (five miles) to the north. Harappa is the type site of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation ("IVC"), as it was the first IVC site to be excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India during the British Raj, although its significance did not become manifest until the discovery of Mohenjo-daro some years later.[1][a] For this reason, IVC is sometimes called the "Harappan civilisation," a term more commonly used by the Archaeological Survey of India after decolonization in 1947.[1][b] The discovery of Harappa and, soon afterwards, Mohenjo-Daro, two major urban settlements of IVC, was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1861.[2]
The city of Harappa is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied about 150 hectares (370 acres) with clay brick houses at its greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600 BC – 1900 BC), which is considered large for its time.[3][4]
The ancient city of Harappa was heavily damaged under British rule when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast to construct the Lahore–Multan Railway.[5] The current village of Harappa is less than one kilometre (5⁄8 mi) from the ancient site. Although modern Harappa has a legacy railway station from the Raj period, it is a small crossroads town of 15,000 people today. In 2004, the site was added to the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[4] In 2005, a controversial amusement park scheme at the site was abandoned when builders unearthed many archaeological artefacts during the early stages of building work.[6]
- ^ a b c d Habib 2015, p. 13.
- ^ Wright 2009, p. 2.
- ^ Fagan, Brian (2003). People of the earth: an introduction to world prehistory. Pearson. p. 414. ISBN 978-0-13-111316-9.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
unescowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Wright 2009, p. 6.
- ^ Tahir, Zulqernain (26 May 2005). "Probe body on Harappa park". Dawn. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2006.
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