Henry Benedict Stuart

His Eminence Henry Benedict Stuart
Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri and Dean of the College of Cardinals
Portrait by Anton Raphael Mengs, c. 1750
Province	Rome
Diocese	Ostia and Velletri
Appointed	26 September 1803
Term ended	13 July 1807
Predecessor	Gian Francesco Albani
Successor	Leonardo Antonelli
Other post(s)	Archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica (1751–1807) Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Damaso (1763–1807)
Previous post(s)	Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati (1761–1803) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere (1759–1761) Titular Archbishop of Corinthus (1758–1761) Cardinal-Priest of Santi Apostoli (1752–1761) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Portico (Campitelli) (1748–1759) Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico (Campitelli) (1747–1748)
Orders
Ordination	1 September 1748 by Pope Benedict XIV
Consecration	19 November 1758 by Pope Clement XIII
Created cardinal	3 July 1747 by Pope Benedict XIV
Rank	Cardinal-Bishop
Personal details
Born	Henry Benedict Mary Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart (1725-03-06)6 March 1725[1] Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal States
Died	13 July 1807(1807-07-13) (aged 82) Frascati, Rome, Papal States
Buried	St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Parents	James Francis Edward Stuart Maria Clementina Sobieska
Signature
Coat of arms

Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York (6 March 1725 – 13 July 1807) was a Roman Catholic cardinal, and was the third and final Jacobite heir to publicly claim the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland, as the younger grandson of King James II of England. One of the longest-serving cardinals in history, Henry spent his whole life in the Papal States and became the Dean of the College of Cardinals and Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri. Unlike his father James Francis Edward Stuart (The Old Pretender) and elder brother Charles Edward Stuart (The Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie), Henry made no effort to seize the thrones. After Charles's death in 1788, Henry became known by Jacobites as Henry IX and I, but the Papacy did not recognise Henry as the lawful ruler of Great Britain and Ireland and instead referred to him as the "Cardinal Duke of York".^[2] He was most widely known as the Duke of York, a title in the Jacobite peerage granted to him by his father.